VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Rickettsia spp

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. ADP,ATP carrier protein (Protective antigen)
2. adr2 (Protective antigen)
3. dnaE (Protective antigen)
4. hemH (Protective antigen)
5. hypothetical protein RP403 (Protective antigen)
6. ompA (Protective antigen)
7. ompA (Protective antigen)
8. ompB (Protective antigen)
9. OmpW (Protective antigen)
10. sca1 (Protective antigen)
11. spaP (Protective antigen)
12. transcription-repair coupling factor (Protective antigen)
13. YbgF (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Related Host Genes
1. Ifng (Interferon gamma)
Vaccine Information
1. Rickettsia DNA Vaccine encoding OmpB Protein boosted with Recombinant OmpB
2. Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine using M. vaccae expressing R. rickettsii OmpA Protein
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

780

2. Disease:

Spotted Fever, Typhus

3. Introduction

Rickettsia is a genus of non-motile, Gram-negative, non-sporeforming, highly pleomorphic bacteria that can present as cocci (0.1 μm in diameter), rods (1–4 μm long) or thread-like (10 μm long). Obligate intracellular parasites, the Rickettsia survival depends on entry, growth, and replication within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells (typically endothelial cells). Because of this, Rickettsia cannot live in artificial nutrient environments and are grown either in tissue or embryo cultures (typically, chicken embryos are used). In the past they were positioned somewhere between viruses and true bacteria. The majority of Rickettsia bacteria are susceptible to antibiotics of the tetracycline group. Rickettsia species are carried by many ticks, fleas, and lice, and cause diseases in humans such as typhus, rickettsialpox, Boutonneuse fever, African tick bite fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Australian Tick Typhus, Flinders Island Spotted Fever and Queensland tick typhus. They have also been associated with a range of plant diseases. Like viruses, they only grow inside living cells. The name rickettsia is often used for any member of the Rickettsiales. They are thought to be the closest living relatives to bacteria that were the origin of the mitochondria organelle that exists inside most eukaryotic cells (Wiki: Rickettsia). Rickettsial diseases vary in clinical severity according to the virulence of the Rickettsia and host factors, such as age, male gender, alcoholism, and other underlying diseases. The most virulent rickettsiae are R. rickettsii and R. prowazekii, which kill a significant portion of infected persons, unless the diseases are treated sufficiently early in the course of infection with an effective antimicrobial agent, usually doxycycline (Textbook of Bacteriology).

4. Microbial Pathogenesis

All rickettsial infections begin with introduction of the organisms into the skin, either through a tick bite or cutaneous abrasions contaminated by flea or louse feces. Rickettsiae enter dermal cells including endothelium and proliferate locally intracellularly with endothelial cell-to-cell spread for most SFG rickettsioses resulting in an eschar or tache noire, a zone of dermal and epidermal necrosis approximately 1 cm in diameter with a surrounding zone of erythema. Eschars do not occur in epidemic and murine typhus and are rarely observed in Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Textbook of Bacteriology).

5. Host Ranges and Animal Models

Rickettsia are generally carried by ticks and fleas and can be transmitted to humans and other warm-blooded mammals (Wiki: Rickettsia).

6. Host Protective Immunity

Rickettsial infection stimulates an early innate immune response with activation of natural killer cells and production of gamma interferon (gamma IFN), which act in concert to dampen rickettsial growth. Acquired immunity develops with clonal expansion of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes as well as antibody-producing B cells. Clearance of intraendothelial rickettsiae is achieved by rickettsicidal effects due to cytokine activation of the infected endothelial cells themselves. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role as expected in infection by an intracellular parasite, but antibodies (including those directed at epitopes of OmpA and OmpB) also play a role in protective immunity (Textbook of Bacteriology).

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. ADP,ATP carrier protein

Gene Name : ADP,ATP carrier protein
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii str
NCBI Protein GI : NP_221091
Other Database IDs : CDD:281244
Taxonomy ID : 272947
Protein Name : ADP,ATP carrier protein
Protein pI : 9.58
Protein Weight : 54483.32
Protein Length : 584
Protein Note : TLC ATP/ADP transporter; pfam03219

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_221091.1 ADP,ATP carrier protein [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E]
MLSTSPSRSFKNKFRAAFWPVHNYELGKFIPISALMFCILFNQNILRILKDSILISEISAEIAGFAKVYC
VTPVAALFVIIYAKMINHLTFEKIFYYLSAFFISCFILFAFVIYPNIHIFHVHPDTLSDWMNKYPHFKWY
ISLVGNWGYIVYYSLAELWPNIFYVLLFWQFTNELTTTEEAKRFYTLFSLFGNSSLILVGFLMMNLSSED
TIIKKFISISDSKITLVQVSTTIIAIVAIICCLLVRFISKYIFTNPLFYHKTKSSRSTAQRMGLIKSFKY
IVKSKYLWLLLICSAAFGFAINLVEAVWKAKIKELYPTVNTYAEFNSLYILWTGVAIIVMTIIGNNVMRM
HNWFVAAVISPVIIMVTGVLFFGLIVFDQQILSLFDGAILMSPLALAVSIGGIQNILAKGTKYSIWDTSR
EMLYIPLDDELKTKGKAAVDVISAKVGKSSSGLVQSIIFTLVPNATFTSISPILMVVFTFVCFAWIYAVR
KIYFEYQKIA

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Caro-Gomez et al., 2014)

2. adr2

Gene Name : adr2
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii str.
NCBI Protein GI : ADE30402
Other Database IDs : CDD:226163
Taxonomy ID : 449216
Protein Name : Rickettsia adhesin
Protein pI : 10.12
Protein Weight : 22900.38
Protein Length : 295
Protein Note : Opacity protein and related surface antigens [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; COG3637

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>ADE30402.1 Rickettsia adhesin [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Rp22]
MIIMKKLLLIATASATILSSSVSFAECIDNEWYLRADAGVAMFNKEQDKATGVKLKSNKAIPIDLGIGYY
ISENVRADLTLGTTIGGKLKKYGAATNTHFTGTNVSVSHKPTVTRLLINGYVDLTSFDMFDVFVGGGVGP
ALVKEKISGVSGLASNTKNKTNVSYKLIFGTSAQIADGVKVELAYSWINDGKTKTHNVMYKGASVQTGGM
RYQSHNLTVGVRFGI

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Gong et al., 2014)

3. dnaE

Gene Name : dnaE
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii str
NCBI Protein GI : NP_221128
Other Database IDs : CDD:235554
CDD:213988
CDD:285034
CDD:291259
CDD:239931
Taxonomy ID : 272947
Protein Name : DNA polymerase III subunit alpha
Protein pI : 7.41
Protein Weight : 128179.07
Protein Length : 1284
Protein Note : DNA polymerase III subunit alpha; Validated; PRK05673

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_221128.1 DNA polymerase III subunit alpha [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E]
MQPEFIHLRTQSSYSFLESALTIEKVVELALLHKMPALCLSDRGNLFGSLEFSLYAVKKKLQPIHGVILN
IQYDINAFAQILLIAKDETGYKNLLKLSSLTFTKNDRKICEHIGFEDLIKYQEGVIALCCYTDGIVGKCL
LARKQEQAILFARRLQAILGDRFYFEIMRHDLPEEQFIENSYIQIASELSIPIVATNKVLFSEKSMHYAH
DVLLCISEGVTKEYPDRKTVSENCYFKSPAEMRKLFSDLPNAIQNTINLRERCYFAAHPNPPMLPNFSTQ
DISETYLIRKYATEGLLARLVTKFKAENISLEHQEKLKTEYFTRLNYELDIICNMNFAGYFLIVSDFIKW
SKKQGILVGPGRGSGAGSVVAWSLLITDLDPIKFGLLFERFLNPERISMPDFDIDFCQERREEVINYVRS
KYGPNRVGQIITFGKMQAKAVIKDVARVLSLPYKLADYLTELVPFSAINPVSLEQAIREVPELANAAKGN
GLYNLEGDAELIKLVLDTSLILEGLHRHSSTHAAGIVIAGTDLVDIVPVYKDANADMLIVGYSMKYSEIA
GLIKFDFLGLQTLTVITNCKKLLKEQGIKIDFDDMTFDDKKTYQMLCKGKGVGVFQFESIGMKDALRRLK
PDSIHDLIALGALYRPGPMENIPTYIACKHKLQQPDYLHKLLEPILEETYGVVIYQEQVQRIAQVLAGYT
LGAADLLRRAMGKKIKKEMEEQEEIFVKGAIANNISPSQAKSIFSTVAKFAGYGFNKAHAAAYGVISYQT
AYLKANYPAEFLVACLNLELNNHDKINLFLQEAKDNGIKIIAPNINISEGYFSVKSSNTVITHSTKSVIS
RLNCDIKKIAKDTAVKPLYCKDESTIIFALGAIKGVTANFGKLVTDERKARGAFKSITDFIERLPPKSIN
SKLLENLIKAGCFDELHDNRLQLFLSIPKLIAYSTSYHQEQESNQFSLIKVSSLSPTILVSSDYADKNTL
AFYEFEAMGLFLSNHPLTEYQGIFSRLNILNTRDLYNKLPNGTNRVTLAGVIQKKDSRMSARGRFVTLVL
SDPENIFELTIFSEEVLKDYVHLLDVKSLVVVNCDVVKDEGGIKLTAKSFLSIEDVMNNRQFELQLYPQN
YAELEQIITLLASRTSNGYQSNAKATIYLQSKDVKHFIAKITLSETFFLQVQDFEVLNQYIR

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Caro-Gomez et al., 2014)

4. hemH

Gene Name : hemH
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii
NCBI Protein GI : NP_221230
Other Database IDs : CDD:234585
CDD:239504
CDD:238240
Taxonomy ID : 272947
Protein Name : ferrochelatase
Protein pI : 9.52
Protein Weight : 39411.28
Protein Length : 418
Protein Note : ferrochelatase; Reviewed; PRK00035

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_221230.1 ferrochelatase [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E]
MLGYMNKRIAIVLFNLGGPEDIEYVKPFLFNLFYDKAIINLPNPLRYIIAKIISITREKKSQKIYSLIGS
KSYLIQETEKQKLAITEKLKEFIKEDFIIFINMRYSTPFAKEVIGQIKEYNPSEIILLPLYPQFSSTTTG
SSVKNFLQNIDIDIPIKTICCYPIEEDFIKAHVSIIKEKLYDKNFRILFSAHGLPKRIIKAGDPYSFQIK
ETVNKIVKELNIKDLDYKITYQSRVGPIEWLKPNTEDEIELAGKLKKDIIIVPISFVSEHVETLVELDIE
YKLIADKYKIQYTRIPTLGTNKIFINSLTNILLRFINNTNTNLVMSSSSKRICPNKFTKCLCNLTN

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Gazi et al., 2013)

5. hypothetical protein RP403

Gene Name : hypothetical protein RP403
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii str
NCBI Protein GI : NP_220784
Other Database IDs : CDD:288430
CDD:304521
CDD:225441
Taxonomy ID : 272947
Protein Name : hypothetical protein
Protein pI : 9.09
Protein Weight : 101266.91
Protein Length : 962
Protein Note : Mediator complex subunit 23; pfam11573

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_220784.1 hypothetical protein RP403 [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E]
MTARYSFLQNFAEYIIDQLKKGIEVQIILPNNFLCLKLKKILTDKYKIKLPIIIPFNFIFSKKNESDYIS
KIEELFILSSIITEYKALPFNLEESLKAAEILRKLFNDLIINNIDIKLIEVYNNSNYWQKIYKFLEYCFL
TWKKTIALTQKYTKTIHKFNLLQEEIIKIKKRENRIILAGIFKPNIYFKRFKEELKDYIMHYNPSYNHMS
NNISYSEPNNIYQEAKQIAYICELNKDKHIAIVTNDNKLKKVYCNFLDQKYSDLLGNDLRLTNIGALLNA
IIKIICNDFDLKLLFLLLKNPLINCHAVQKLELMLSNKNRFISSPKYLLQLQFDDEEIREYCVNLIDILF
TNNPHNITDILILTQQIAEKLLPNIWEQEGGTVLIEFLTNLISYSKHINLTNKKDFPKIFSFLLSNIKHY
KNIDSSRIIIGQPEDLALCRFDLIILPHFNNEHWSSNAKPHPLLSKKALQILNIDYDDAITTTLYSDYFN
LLLQNKQIVILNAKKYNGKLSAACNLFLRLQLKYVIPCFECDIKKKLFTPAINSLDEHTKPQDDHKLTTI
SNTFPSVLSVTDIETLIRNPYGFYAKKILGLHKKDNIWEEPKISDFGNFIHKVLEKYSKNYDKQYVYLNL
HDKQAALINIGNNILYSTILPAYTKKTWQIKLTAFSKTFILFDIERRKNCKKIYFEIKGELRLNIAGQDI
KIIGIADRIEVSKSNYITILDYKTGTIPTKKEIEFGLSPQLIIEGLMLIENGFNIESFNNLETSQFSNIH
FCKGNFICSTEQMVNPSYLNHYKSSYINTKLTIAYVKITSTEPYIQTIEIDLNIETLHKHKVGLIRLLEY
YVTNKSFSYDFNLSNYNDYWHLTRCDYMSY

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Caro-Gomez et al., 2014)

6. ompA

Gene Name : ompA
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia rickettsii
VO ID : VO_0011234
NCBI Protein GI : 112710
Other Database IDs : CDD:225751
CDD:299123
CDD:273608
CDD:281750
Taxonomy ID : 783
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : Outer membrane protein A
Protein pI : 5.23
Protein Weight : 209097.42
Protein Length : 2619
Protein Note : 190 kDa antigen; Cell surface antigen; rOmp A; rOmpA

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>sp|P15921.1|OMPA_RICRI RecName: Full=Outer membrane protein A; AltName: Full=190 kDa antigen; AltName: Full=Cell surface antigen; AltName: Full=rOmp A; Short=rOmpA; Contains: RecName: Full=120 kDa surface-exposed protein; AltName: Full=120 kDa outer membrane protein OmpA; Contains: RecName: Full=32 kDa beta peptide; Flags: Precursor
MANISPKLFKKAIQQGLKAALFTTSTAAIMLSSSGALGVATGVIATNNNAAFSNNVGNNNWNEITAAGVA
NGTPAGGPQNNWAFTYGGDYTVTADAADRIIKAINVAGTTPVGLNITQNTVVGSIITKGNLLPVTLNAGK
SLTLNGNNAVAANHGFDAPADNYTGLGNIALGGANAALIIQSAAPSKITLAGNIDGGGIITVKTDAAING
TIGNTNALATVNVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAASVLTLTNANAVLTGAIDNTTGGDNVGVLNLNGAL
SQVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTDAASAVKFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGNANNGIVTFT
GNSTVTGNVGNTNALATVNVGAGLLQVQGGVVKANTINLTDNASAVTFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGNANNGIVT
FTGNSTVTGDIGNTNALATVNVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAASVLTLTNANAVLTGAIDNTTGGDNV
GVLNLNGALSQVTGNIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTDAASAVKFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGN
ANNGIVTFTGNSTVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAASVLTLTNANAVLTGAIDN
TTGGDNVGVLNLNGALSQVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKITNAVSAVKFTNPVVVTG
AIDSTGNANNGIVTFTGNSTVTGDIGNTNALATVNVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAASVLTLTNANAV
LTGAIDNTTGGDNVGVLNLNGALSQVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAASVLTLT
NANAVLTGAVDNTTGGDNVGVLNLNGALSQVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKLTNAAS
VLTLTNANAVLTGAIDNTTGGDNVGVLNLNGALSQVTGDIGNTNSLATISVGAGTATLGGAVIKATTTKL
TDAASAVKFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGNANNGIVTFTGNSTVTGNVGNTNALATVNVGAGLLQVQGGVVKANTI
NLTDNASAVTFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGNANNGIVTFTGNSTVTGNVGNTNALATVNVGAGLLQVQGGVVKAN
TINLTDNASAVTFTNPVVVTGAIDNTGNANNGIVTFTGNSTVTGDIGNTNALATVNVGAGITLQAGGSLA
ANNIDFGARSTLEFNGPLDGGGKAIPYYFKGAIANGNNAILNVNTKLLTASHLTIGTVAEINIGAGNLFT
IDASVGDVTILNAQNINFRARDSVLVLSNLTGVGVNNILLAADLVAPGADEGTVVFNGGVNGLNVGSNVA
GTARNIGDGGGNKFNTLLIYNAVTITDDVNLEGIQNVLINKNADFTSSTAFNAGAIQINDATYTIDANNG
NLNIPAGNIQFAHADAQLVLQNSSGNDRTITLGANIDPDNDDEGIVILNSVTAGKKLTIAGGKTFGGAHK
LQTILFKGAGDCSTAGTTFNTTNIVLDITGQLELGATTANVVLFNDAVQLTQTGNIGGFLDFNAKNGMVT
LNNNVNVAGAVQNTGGTNNGTLIVLGASNLNRVNGIAMLKVGAGNVTIAKGGKVKIGEIQGTGTNTLTLP
AHFNLTGSINKTGGQALKLNFMNGGSVSGVVGTAANSVGDITTAGATSFASSVNAKGTATLGGTTSFANT
FTNTGAVTLAKGSITSFAKNVTATSFVANSATINFSNSLAFNSNITGGGTTLTLGANQVTYTGTGSFTDT
LTLNTTFDGAAKSGGNILIKSGSTLDLSGVSTLALVVTATNFDMNNISPDTKYTVISAETAGGLKPTSKE
NVKITINNDNRFVDFTFDASTLTLFAEDIAADVIDGDFAPGGPLANIPNAANIKKSLELMEDAPNGSDAR
QAFNNFGLMTPLQEADATTHLIQDVVKPSDTIAAVNNQVVASNISSNITALNARMDKVQSGNKGPVSSGD
EDMDAKFGAWISPFVGNATQKMCNSISGYKSDTTGGTIGFDGFVSDDLALGLAYTRADTDIKLKNNKTGD
KNKVESNIYSLYGLYNVPYENLFVEAIASYSDNKIRSKSRRVIATTLETVGYQTANGKYKSESYTGQLMA
GYTYMMPENINLTPLAGLRYSTIKDKGYKETGTTYQNLTVKGKNYNTFDGLLGAKVSSNINVNEIVLTPE
LYAMVDYAFKNKVSAIDARLQGMTAPLPTNSFKQSKTSFDVGVGVTAKHKMMEYRINYDTNIGSKYFAQQ
GSVKVRVNF

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : Immunization with one of the constructs of M. vaccae expressing OmpA in combination with booster immunization with the homologous recombinant protein protected a significant portion of mice from lethal challenge (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).
Related Vaccine(s): Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine using M. vaccae expressing R. rickettsii OmpA Protein

7. ompA

Gene Name : ompA
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia raoultii
NCBI Protein GI : ABD34816
Other Database IDs : CDD:273608
CDD:281750
Taxonomy ID : 369822
Protein Name : OmpA
Protein pI : 4.59
Protein Weight : 102927.7
Protein Length : 1125
Protein Note : described strain is genetically identical to uncultured Rickettsia sp. DnS14; type strain of Rickettsia raoultii

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>ABD34816.1 OmpA, partial [Rickettsia raoultii]
ITLQAGGSLAANNIDFGVGSTLEFNGPLDGGGNTIPYYFKGAIANGNNAILNVNTKSLTAYHSTIGTVAE
INIGAGNLFAIDASAGDVTILNAQDINFGAPDSTLALSNLTGVGVKNILLAADLVAPGANAGDVVFDGGV
NGLNIGSNVAGTARNIGDGGGNKFNTLLIYNAVTITDDVNLEGIQNVLINNNADFTSSTAFNAGAIQIND
ATYTIDANNGNLNVPAGNIQFAHADAKLILQNSSGNDRTITLGANIDPDNDYEGIVTLNSVTAGKKLTIA
GGKTLGGAHKLQAIVFKGAGDFSAAGTTFNTTNVVLDTTGQLELGATTANVVLLNDAVQLTQTGNIGGFL
DFNAKNGTVTLNNNVNVAGAVQNTGGTNSGTLIVLGASNLNSVNGIAMLKVGAGNVTIAKGGDVKIGEIQ
GTGINTLTLSANFNLTGSINKTGGQALKLNFTNGGSVSGVVGTAANSVGDITTAGATSFASSVNAKGTAT
LGGTTSFADTFTNTGAVTLAKGSITNFAKNVTATSFVANSATINFGNSLAFNSNITGSGTTLTLGANQVK
YTGTGSFTDMLTLNTTFDGAVKSGGNILIKSGNTLDLSGVSTLALVVTATNFDINNISPDTKYTVISAET
AGGLKPTTEENVKITINNDNRFVDFTFDASTLTLFAEDIATDVIDEDFEPGGPLANIPNAANIKKSLELM
EDAPNGSDARQAFNNFGLMTPLQEADATTHLMQDVVKPSDTIAAVNNQVVASNISSNITALNARMDKVQA
ANKGPVSSGDEDMDAKFGAWISPFVGNATQKMCNNISGYKSDTTGGTIGFDGLVSDDLVLGLAYTRADTD
IKLKNNKTGDKNKVESNIYSLYGLYNVPYENLFVEAIAFYSDNKIRSKSRRVIATALETVGYQTANGKYK
SESYTGQLMAGYTYMMPENINLTPLAGLRYSTIKDKGYKETGTTYQNLTVKGKNYNTFDGLLGAKVSSNI
NVNEIVLTPELYAMVDYAFKNKVPAIDARLQGMTAPLPTNSFKQSKTSFDVGVGVTAKHKMMEYGINYDT
NIGSKYFAQQ

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Jiao et al., 2005)

8. ompB

Gene Name : ompB
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia rickettsii
VO ID : VO_0011235
NCBI Protein GI : 6685726
Other Database IDs : CDD:289131
CDD:273608
CDD:214872
Taxonomy ID : 783
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : Outer membrane protein B
Protein pI : 6.04
Protein Weight : 160418.03
Protein Length : 2141
Protein Note : 168 kDa surface-layer protein; Cell surface antigen 5; Surface protein antigen; rOmp B; Sca5; rOmpB

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>sp|Q53047.1|OMPB_RICRI RecName: Full=Outer membrane protein B; AltName: Full=168 kDa surface-layer protein; AltName: Full=Cell surface antigen 5; Short=Sca5; AltName: Full=Surface protein antigen; AltName: Full=rOmp B; Short=rOmpB; Contains: RecName: Full=120 kDa surface-exposed protein; AltName: Full=120 kDa outer membrane protein OmpB; AltName: Full=Surface protein antigen; AltName: Full=p120; Contains: RecName: Full=32 kDa beta peptide; Flags: Precursor
MAQKPNFLKKLISAGLVTASTATIVASFAGSAMGAAIQQNRTTNGAATTVDGAGFDQTAAPANVGVALNA
VITANANNGINFNTPAGSFNGLLLNTANNLAVTVSEDTTLGFITNVVHNAHSFNLTLNAGKTLTITGQGV
TNAQAAATKNAQNVVVQFNNGAAIDNNDLKGVGRIDFGAPASTLVFNLANPTTQKAPLILGDNAVIANGV
NGTLNVTNGFIQVSNKSFATVKAINIADGQGIIFNTDANNANTLNLQAGGTTINFTGTDGTGRLVLLSKH
AAATNFNITGSLGGNLKGVIEFNTVAVDGQLTANAGAANAVIGTNNGAGRAAGFVVSVDNGKVATIDGQV
YAKDMVIQSANATGQVNFRHIVDVGADGTTAFKTAASKVTITQDSNFGNTDFGNLAAQIKVPNAITLTGN
FTGDASNPGNTAGVITFDANGTLESASADANVAVTNNITAIEASGAGVVQLSGTHAAELRLGNAGSIFKL
ADGTVINGKVNQTALVGGALAAGTITLDGSATITGDIGNAGGAAALQRITLANDAKKTLTLGGANIIGAG
GGTIDLQANGGTIKLTSTQNNIVVDFDLAIATDQTGVVDASSLTNAQTLTINGKIGTIGANNKTLGQFNI
GSSKTVLSNGNVAINELVIGNDGAVQFAHDTYLITRTTNAAGQGKIIFNPVVNNGTTLAAGTNLGSATNP
LAEINFGSKGVNVDTVLNVGEGVNLYATNITTTDANVGSFVFNAGGTNIVSGTVGGQQGNKFNTVALENG
TTVKFLGNATFNGNTTIAANSTLQIGGNYTADCVASADGTGIVEFVNTGPITVTLNKQAAPVNALKQITV
SGPGNVVINEIGNAGNHHGAVTDTIAFENSSLGAVVFLPRGIPFNDAGNTMPLTIKSTVGNKTAKGFDVP
SVVVLGVDSVIADGQVIGDQNNIVGLGLGSDNGIIVNATTLYAGISTLNNNQGTVTLSGGVPNTPGTVYG
LGTGIGASKFKQVTFTTDYNNLGNIIATNATINDGVTVTTGGIAGIGFDGKITLGSVNGNGNVRFADGIL
SNSTSMIGTTKANNGTVTYLGNAFVGNIGDSDTPVASVRFTGSDSGAGLQGNIYSQVIDFGTYNLGIVNS
NIILGGGTTAINGKIDLVTNTLTFASGTSTWGNNTSIETTLTLANGNIGHIVILEGAQVNTTTTGTTTIK
VQDNANANFSGTQTYTLIQGGARFNGTLGSPNFAVTGSNRFVNYSLIRAANQDYVITRTNNAENVVTNDI
ANSPFGGAPGVDQNVTTFVNATNTAAYNNLLLAKNSANSANFVGAIVTDTSAAITNVQLDLAKDIQAQLG
NRLGALRYLGTPETAEMAGPEAGAISAAVAAGDEAIDNVAYGIWAKPFYTDAHQSKKGGLAGYKAKTTGV
VIGLDTLANDNLMIGAAIGITKTDIKHQDYKKGDKTDVNGFSFSLYGAQQLVKNFFAQGSAIFSLNQVKN
KSQRYFFDANGNMSKQIAAGHYDNMTFGGNLTVGYDYNAMQGVLVTPMAGLSYLKSSDENYKETGTTVAN
KQVNSKFSDRTDLIVGAKVAGSTMNITDLAVYPEVHAFVVHKVTGRLSKTQSVLDGQVTPCINQPDRTTK
TSYNLGLSASIRSDAKMEYGIGYDAQISSKYTAHQGTLKVRVNF

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : R. rickettsii OmpB contain B and T lymphocyte epitopes. Immunizations with each of two fragments from OmpB (rompB1550-2738 and rompB2459-4123) conferred protection against challenge with a lethal dose of R. conorii. Protection appeared to be better achieved among the groups that received both DNA and recombinant protein immunizations, although recombinant protein immunizations alone provided some protection (Díaz-Montero et al., 2001).
Related Vaccine(s): Rickettsia DNA Vaccine encoding OmpB Protein boosted with Recombinant OmpB

9. OmpW

Gene Name : OmpW
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia rickettsii
NCBI Protein GI : WP_014362720
Other Database IDs : CDD:225589
Taxonomy ID : 783
Protein Name : OmpW family protein
Protein pI : 9.99
Protein Weight : 24810.67
Protein Length : 305
Protein Note : Outer membrane protein W [Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis]; COG3047

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>WP_014362720.1 OmpW family protein [Rickettsia rickettsii]
MLRIVKKLGIILFVSTISINSFAKSMYDDVDYDSTPYYENEGSLVFKMRLGGVVSSAKQKGLPTPTSPQP
VSVGEVAKNGYGGDASTTIFFNNYLATELSLGFNVLRTKYTSLAAVAHNYGVDNVKLGKNKPIYMIPATV
TGQFHIAPYGGIRPYIGIGYHGSYMLTQATGLKIRNGHGAVGQIGVDFYAKDDTLINIDVRQFFLNPKLE
YKPNLVGNKTMTSKVKLNPLIVSIGIGFTF

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Gong et al., 2014)

10. sca1

Gene Name : sca1
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia typhi str
NCBI Protein GI : ABC41089
Other Database IDs : ATCC:VR-144
CDD:281750
Taxonomy ID : 257363
Protein Name : Sca1
Protein pI : 10.33
Protein Weight : 17662.38
Protein Length : 227
Protein Note : type strain of Rickettsia typhi

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>ABC41089.1 Sca1, partial [Rickettsia typhi str. Wilmington]
AMYGTNNHGRVNNMTGYRGINKGATVGFDAKINNNIIGIAYSNVHSVFKFKNSKNNDKELIGSKVISIYG
QKELQQNFTLQVLVSASKNFIKDKINYSYGDTKIRSNVKHHNHSYNAEALLNYNYLVKNSIIVTPNIGLR
YGKSRDGIYNETGINVQKIALT

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Sears et al., 2012)

11. spaP

Gene Name : spaP
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii
VO ID : VO_0011317
NCBI Protein GI : 152498
Other Database IDs : CDD:289131
CDD:273608
CDD:214872
Taxonomy ID : 782
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
Protein Name : surface antigen
Protein pI : 5.06
Protein Weight : 155583.82
Protein Length : 1689
Protein Note : Rickettsia outer membrane protein B; pfam12334

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AAA26390.1 surface antigen [Rickettsia prowazekii]
MGAAMQYNRTTNAAATTFDGIGFDQAAGANIPVAPNSVITANANNPITFNTPNGHLNSLFLDTANDLAVT
INEDTTLGFITNIAQQAKFFNFTVAAGKILNITGQGITVQEASNTINAQNALTKVHGGAAINANDLSGLG
SITFAVCPSVLEFNLINPINSRSSSYHLVSNSKIVNGGNGILNITNGFIQVSDNTFAGIKTINIDDCQGL
MFNSTPDAANTLNLQAGGNTINFNGIDGTGKLVLVSKNGAATEFNVTGTLGGNLKGIIELNTAAVAGKLI
SLGGAANAVIGTDNGAGRAAGFIVSVDNGNAATISGQVYAKNMVIQSANAGGQVTFEHIVDVGLGGTTNF
KTADSKVIITENSNFGSTNFGNLDTQIVVPDTKILKGNFIGDVKNNGNTAGVITFNANGALVSASTDPNI
AVTNINAIEAEGAGVVELSGIHIAELRLGNGGSIFKLADGTVINGPVNQNALMNNNALAAGSIQLDGSAI
ITGDIGNGGVNAALQHITLANDASKILALDGANIIGANVGGAIHFQANGGTIKLTNTQNNIVVNFDLDIT
TDKTGVVDASSLTNNQTLTINGSIGTVVANTKTLAQLNIGSSKTILNAGDVAINELVIENNGSVQLNHNT
YLITKTINAANQGQIIVAADPLNTNTTLADGTNLGSAENPLSTIHFATKAANADSILNVGKGVNLYANNI
TTNDANVGSLHFRSGGTSIVSGTVGGQQGHKLNNLILDNGTTVKFLGDTTFNGGTKIEGKSILQISNNYT
TDHVESADNTGTLEFVNTDPITVTLNKQGAYFGVLKQVIISGPGNIVFNEIGNVGIVHGIAANSISFENA
SLGTSLFLPSGTPLDVLTIKSTVGNGTVDNFNAPIVVVSGIDSMINNGQIIGDKKNIIALSLGSDNSITV
NANTLYSGIRTTKNNQGTVTLSGGMPNNPGTIYGLGLENGSPKLKQVTFTTDYNNLGSIIANNVTINDDV
TLTTGGIAGTDFDAKITLGSVNGNANVRFVDSTFSDPRSMIVATQANKGTVTYLGNALVSNIGSLDTPVA
SVRFTGNDSGAGLQGNIYSQNIDFGTYNLTILNSNVILGGGTTAINGEIDLLTNNLIFANGTSTWGDNTS
ISTTLNVSSGNIGQVVIAEDAQVNATTTGTTTIKIQDNANANFSGTQAYTLIQGGARFNGTLGAPNFAVT
GSNIFVKYELIRDSNQDYVLTRTNDVLNVVTTAVGNSAIANAPGVSQNISRCLESTNTAAYNNMLLAKDP
SDVATFVGAIATDTSAAVTTVNLNDTQKTQDLLSNRLGTLRYLSNAETSDVAGSATGAVSSGDEAEVSYG
VWAKPFYNIAEQDKKGGIAGYKAKTTGVVVGLDTLASDNLMIGAAIGITKTDIKHQDYKKGDKTDINGLS
FSLYGSQQLVKNFFAQGNSIFTLNKVKSKSQRYFFESNGKMSKQIAAGNYDNMTFGGNLIFGYDYNAMPN
VLVTPMAGLSYLKSSNENYKETGTTVANKRINSKFSDRVDLIVGAKVAGSTVNITDIVIYPEIHSFVVHK
VNGKLSNSQSMLDGQTAPFISQPDRTAKTSYNIGLSANIKSDAKMEYGIGYDFNSASKYTAHQGTLKVRV
NF

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : Guinea pigs immunized with different doses of the SPA appear to be protected against challenge with live organisms as compared with nonimmunized controls (Carl et al., 1990).

12. transcription-repair coupling factor

Gene Name : transcription-repair coupling factor
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia prowazekii str
NCBI Protein GI : NP_220966
Other Database IDs : CDD:224118
CDD:215001
CDD:278688
CDD:238005
CDD:238034
CDD:198050
Taxonomy ID : 272947
Protein Name : transcription-repair coupling factor
Protein pI : 7.76
Protein Weight : 123337.86
Protein Length : 1225
Protein Note : Transcription-repair coupling factor (superfamily II helicase) [Replication, recombination and repair, Transcription]; COG1197

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>NP_220966.1 transcription-repair coupling factor [Rickettsia prowazekii str. Madrid E]
MIQQKFPATAKCFYVIDNFTKNLNQDFILSVSNEEEALQLYKQALFFSSNDNIYYFPSYDTIPYDHTSPN
ANIVSRRAETLTKLITNSKGKLLITHAANLLNKLPPKDFFSKYFLKLYPKIKFTMDELSMLLVENSFTRN
TSSIDVGEFAVRGEIIDIILPGPKGYRINFSWDYIESIKEFDINTQISTKYCAELVISPANEIVLNSETI
GNFKNNYLRNFGVNHTDNPLYEAVISGRKFAGYEQLLPLFYYSCSSLVDYLNNPICIFDNLSKQAILEFE
NSYNDFYLARSKANKLKVNNFYPTLSPTSLYFTASAITELLEQKNNILISYENSEQASLIGNISSISFIE
KKTIFDKLFEIIKANFHKKIIICSSVLSSFERIKSIIQNYEYTFNEINKLDEAKASVINIGIIPLNQSFY
TKEYLFITSSELLEEKTLYTNTNKKLKNILLELDNLKEGEFVVHKDHGIGQFLKLEAFKIQGKLHDFLKI
LYFGNDKLYVPVENIEVIKKYGSDNAELNKLGSVAWNKSKAKLKNRIKEISLHLIQIAAKRKLNISTPIE
LDLEAYDKFCANFPFSETEDQLTAINDIREDLTNGMLMDRLICGDVGFGKTEVAMRAVFMVAKSLNEYLP
QVAVVVPTTILCSQHFSRFIERFKGFGLNIKQLSSVISSKEANIIRLELASGKINIIIGTHALLHKNTKF
FNLKLLIIDEEQHFGVSQKEFLKSLKSSTHVLAMSATPIPRTLQMSMTGLKELSIIATPPLNRLEVRTSV
MPFDPVIIRDALLREHFRGGRSFYVAPRIKDMEDIEKQLKQIVPELSYKIAHGKMTPSKIDEVMSEFYVG
KFDILISTTIIESGIDIAEANTMIIHKADTLGLSQLYQLRGRIGRGKIRGYAYLTVASNKKITSHSLRRL
EIIQNSCSLGSGFTIASHDADLRGFGNLIGEEQSGQIKEVGTELYQEMLEEQIALLKDDPIVLEQAFIPN
INLGLSVFIPDSYVSDSALKIGLYRRIGNLSNEMEVEKFKDEMIDRFGLLPIEFNNLLDIVKIKLLCFKL
NIENLDSGDDGFVIRFYKNADMTDKILKFVSRYSNQTKIKPNNKLVFIKKLVDKNIITEVNQLLWTLLEI

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Caro-Gomez et al., 2014)

13. YbgF

Gene Name : YbgF
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Rickettsia rickettsii
NCBI Protein GI : KDO03483
Taxonomy ID : 1462938
Protein Name : tol-pal system protein YbgF
Protein pI : 9.31
Protein Weight : 27655.66
Protein Length : 312
Protein Note : predicted cleavage at residue 19

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>KDO03483.1 tol-pal system protein YbgF [Rickettsia buchneri]
MKLIVLLFTFLFSMVSFGESETIKGKPLKYAANNDFENRLDEQEQEIRRLIGKVEVLQHKIDMLTQNSNI
PNQEENTEVLEAGDSKKQDVFDIALLKDMPDNVPKKPIAVNKDIAPDKQAYDLALAAYKDNKLTEAKDKF
KNFIQKYPNSSLISNAYFWYGECFFKQKDYNGAAVNYLKGYKELPKGAKSSDGLLKLALSLGELKKTQEA
CNMLAKFDKEFSTNRTAASKKMAEDTKIKFGCKNK

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : An in vitro neutralization test revealed that sera from mice immunized with GWP (six nucleotide sequences encoding the immunodominant peptides from Adr2, YbgF and OmpB) reduced R. rickettsii adherence to, and invasion of, vascular endothelial cells(Wang et al., 2017).

The results indicated that proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in R. rickettsii-infected mice were significantly greater than in uninfected mice after stimulation with rYbgF. YbgF is a novel protective antigen of R. rickettsii (Gong et al., 2015).

III. Vaccine Related Host Genes

1. Ifng (Interferon gamma)

Gene Name : Ifng (Interferon gamma)
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Mouse
NCBI Gene ID : 15978
NCBI Protein GI : 33468859
Genbank Accession : NM_008337
Protein Accession : NP_032363.1
Other Database IDs : MGI:107656; UniProt: P01580
Taxonomy ID : 10090
Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?

DNA Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|145966741|ref|NM_008337.3| Mus musculus interferon gamma (Ifng), mRNA
ATAGCTGCCATCGGCTGACCTAGAGAAGACACATCAGCTGATCCTTTGGACCCTCTGACTTGAGACAGAA
GTTCTGGGCTTCTCCTCCTGCGGCCTAGCTCTGAGACAATGAACGCTACACACTGCATCTTGGCTTTGCA
GCTCTTCCTCATGGCTGTTTCTGGCTGTTACTGCCACGGCACAGTCATTGAAAGCCTAGAAAGTCTGAAT
AACTATTTTAACTCAAGTGGCATAGATGTGGAAGAAAAGAGTCTCTTCTTGGATATCTGGAGGAACTGGC
AAAAGGATGGTGACATGAAAATCCTGCAGAGCCAGATTATCTCTTTCTACCTCAGACTCTTTGAAGTCTT
GAAAGACAATCAGGCCATCAGCAACAACATAAGCGTCATTGAATCACACCTGATTACTACCTTCTTCAGC
AACAGCAAGGCGAAAAAGGATGCATTCATGAGTATTGCCAAGTTTGAGGTCAACAACCCACAGGTCCAGC
GCCAAGCATTCAATGAGCTCATCCGAGTGGTCCACCAGCTGTTGCCGGAATCCAGCCTCAGGAAGCGGAA
AAGGAGTCGCTGCTGATTCGGGGTGGGGAAGAGATTGTCCCAATAAGAATAATTCTGCCAGCACTATTTG
AATTTTTAAATCTAAACCTATTTATTAATATTTAAAACTATTTATATGGAGAATCTATTTTAGATGCATC
AACCAAAGAAGTATTTATAGTAACAACTTATATGTGATAAGAGTGAATTCCTATTAATATATGTGTTATT
TATAATTTCTGTCTCCTCAACTATTTCTCTTTGACCAATTAATTATTCTTTCTGACTAATTAGCCAAGAC
TGTGATTGCGGGGTTGTATCTGGGGGTGGGGGACAGCCAAGCGGCTGACTGAACTCAGATTGTAGCTTGT
ACCTTTACTTCACTGACCAATAAGAAACATTCAGAGCTGCAGTGACCCCGGGAGGTGCTGCTGATGGGAG
GAGATGTCTACACTCCGGGCCAGCGCTTTAACAGCAGGCCAGACAGCACTCGAATGTGTCAGGTAGTAAC
AGGCTGTCCCTGAAAGAAAGCAGTGTCTCAAGAGACTTGACACCTGGTGCTTCCCTATACAGCTGAAAAC
TGTGACTACACCCGAATGACAAATAACTCGCTCATTTATAGTTTATCACTGTCTAATTGCATATGAATAA
AGTATACCTTTGCAACC

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>gi|33468859|ref|NP_032363.1| interferon gamma [Mus musculus]
MNATHCILALQLFLMAVSGCYCHGTVIESLESLNNYFNSSGIDVEEKSLFLDIWRNWQKDGDMKILQSQI
ISFYLRLFEVLKDNQAISNNISVIESHLITTFFSNSKAKKDAFMSIAKFEVNNPQVQRQAFNELIRVVHQ
LLPESSLRKRKRSRC

Molecule Role Annotation : IFN-gamma plays a critical role in Th1 type immune response. It is important for protection against infections by various viruses and intracellular bacteria.
Additional Molecule Role : Vaximmutor
Additional Molecule Role Annotation : The experimental data demonstrated that three time vaccinations with BCG in BALB/c mice induced strong TB Ag-specific IFN-gamma immune responses in splenocytes (Wang et al., 2009).
Related Vaccine(s): Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine using M. vaccae expressing R. rickettsii OmpA Protein

IV. Vaccine Information

1. Rickettsia DNA Vaccine encoding OmpB Protein boosted with Recombinant OmpB

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0011389

b. Type:

DNA vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Gene Engineering of ompB

Type: DNA vaccine construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

e. Vector:

pcDNA3.1/V5-His-TOPO (Díaz-Montero et al., 2001)

f. Immunization Route

Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

g. Mouse Response

Host Strain: C3H/ HeN
Vaccination Protocol: Animals were immunized with only two doses of DNA (100 μg of recombinant plasmid and 100 μg of pIL-12) four weeks apart given intramuscularly in the tibialis anterior muscles. All mice that received DNA immunizations were also administered two booster immunizations of 100 μg each of the homologous purified recombinant protein. Control mice received either non-recombinant vector plus β-galactosidase-His recombinant protein (negative control) or a sublethal immunizing dose of R. conorii (positive
control) (Díaz-Montero et al., 2001).
Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with 3 median lethal doses (LD50) of R. conorii. In a previous experiment, this dose was shown to kill 100% of naive mice. After challenge, animals were observed daily for morbidity and mortality (Díaz-Montero et al., 2001).
Efficacy: R. rickettsii OmpB contain B and T lymphocyte epitopes. Immunizations with each of two fragments from OmpB (rompB1550-2738 and rompB2459-4123) conferred protection against challenge with a lethal dose of R. conorii. Protection appeared to be better achieved among the groups that received both DNA and recombinant protein immunizations, although recombinant protein immunizations alone provided some protection (Díaz-Montero et al., 2001).

2. Rickettsia rickettsii vaccine using M. vaccae expressing R. rickettsii OmpA Protein

a. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0011388

b. Type:

Recombinant vector vaccine

c. Status:

Research

d. Gene Engineering of ompA

Type: Recombinant vector construction
Description:
Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

e. Adjuvant:

VO ID: VO_0000142

f. Vector:

Mycobacterium vaccae (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).

g. Immunization Route

Subcutaneous injection

h. Mouse Response

Host Strain: C3H/HeN mice
Vaccination Protocol: 6–8-week-old male C3H/HeN mice were were inoculated subcutaneously with 1×10^8 to 5×10^8 of recombinant M. vaccae transformants containing rompA3006–3960. As a negative control mice were immunized with either PBS or inoculated subcutaneously with M. vaccae/pCR7, another negative control. Booster inoculations were performed 1 month later with the same dose and route. Mice immunized with M. vaccae transformants were given two additional doses of 100 μg per mouse of recombinant rickettsial GST fusion protein OmpA755–1301 suspended in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant with a 1 month interval between the immunizations (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).
Challenge Protocol: One month after the last inoculation, all groups of mice were challenged intravenously with three LD50 of R. conorii and observed daily for 2 weeks for morbidity and mortality (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).
Efficacy: Immunization with one of the constructs of Mycobacterium vaccae expressing Rickettsia rickettsii OmpA in combination with booster immunization with the homologous recombinant protein protected a significant portion of mice from lethal challenge with the closely related bacterium, R. conorii, in mice (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).
Host Gene Response of Ifng (Interferon gamma)
- Gene Response: Production of IFN-gamma by antigen-exposed T-lymphocytes of DNA vaccine recipients indicated that cellular immunity had been stimulated. IFN-γ levels in supernatant fluid of rickettsial antigen-stimulated splenocytes from an animal that received both DNA and protein vaccinations were 47% or more higher than the controls that were vaccinated with the vector and GST or were sham-immunized with saline. This observed difference was significant and was seen in spleen cells the day before the challenge (Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001).
- Detailed Gene Information: Click here.

V. References

1. Carl et al., 1990: Carl M, Dobson ME, Ching WM, Dasch GA. Characterization of the gene encoding the protective paracrystalline-surface-layer protein of Rickettsia prowazekii: presence of a truncated identical homolog in Rickettsia typhi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1990; 87(21); 8237-8241. [PubMed: 2122457].

2. Caro-Gomez et al., 2014: Caro-Gomez E, Gazi M, Goez Y, Valbuena G. Discovery of novel cross-protective Rickettsia prowazekii T-cell antigens using a combined reverse vaccinology and in vivo screening approach. Vaccine. 2014; 32(39); 4968-4976. [PubMed: 25010827].

3. Crocquet-Valdes et al., 2001: Crocquet-Valdes PA, Díaz-Montero CM, Feng HM, Li H, Barrett AD, Walker DH. Immunization with a portion of rickettsial outer membrane protein A stimulates protective immunity against spotted fever rickettsiosis. Vaccine. 2001; 20(5-6); 979-988. [PubMed: 11738766].

4. Díaz-Montero et al., 2001: Díaz-Montero CM, Feng HM, Crocquet-Valdes PA, Walker DH. Identification of protective components of two major outer membrane proteins of spotted fever group Rickettsiae. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2001; 65(4); 371-378. [PubMed: 11693887].

5. Gazi et al., 2013: Gazi M, Caro-Gomez E, Goez Y, Cespedes MA, Hidalgo M, Correa P, Valbuena G. Discovery of a protective Rickettsia prowazekii antigen recognized by CD8+ T cells, RP884, using an in vivo screening platform. PloS one. 2013; 8(10); e76253. [PubMed: 24146844].

6. Gong et al., 2014: Gong W, Xiong X, Qi Y, Jiao J, Duan C, Wen B. Identification of novel surface-exposed proteins of Rickettsia rickettsii by affinity purification and proteomics. PloS one. 2014; 9(6); e100253. [PubMed: 24950252].

7. Gong et al., 2014: Gong W, Xiong X, Qi Y, Jiao J, Duan C, Wen B. Surface protein Adr2 of Rickettsia rickettsii induced protective immunity against Rocky Mountain spotted fever in C3H/HeN mice. Vaccine. 2014; 32(18); 2027-2033. [PubMed: 24582636].

8. Gong et al., 2015: Gong W, Qi Y, Xiong X, Jiao J, Duan C, Wen B. Rickettsia rickettsii outer membrane protein YbgF induces protective immunity in C3H/HeN mice. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2015; 11(3); 642-649. [PubMed: 25714655].

9. Jiao et al., 2005: Jiao Y, Wen B, Chen M, Niu D, Zhang J, Qiu L. Analysis of immunoprotectivity of the recombinant OmpA of Rickettsia heilongjiangensis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2005; 1063; 261-265. [PubMed: 16481525].

10. Sears et al., 2012: Sears KT, Ceraul SM, Gillespie JJ, Allen ED Jr, Popov VL, Ammerman NC, Rahman MS, Azad AF. Surface proteome analysis and characterization of surface cell antigen (Sca) or autotransporter family of Rickettsia typhi. PLoS pathogens. 2012; 8(8); e1002856. [PubMed: 22912578].

11. Seong et al., 1997: Seong SY, Huh MS, Jang WJ, Park SG, Kim JG, Woo SG, Choi MS, Kim IS, Chang WH. Induction of homologous immune response to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Boryong with a partial 56-kilodalton recombinant antigen fused with the maltose-binding protein MBP-Bor56. Infection and immunity. 1997; 65(4); 1541-1545. [PubMed: 9119501].

12. Textbook of Bacteriology: Online Textbook of Bacteriology: Rickettsial Diseases [http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/Rickettsia_2.html]

13. Wang et al., 2017: Wang P, Xiong X, Jiao J, Yang X, Jiang Y, Wen B, Gong W. Th1 epitope peptides induce protective immunity against Rickettsia rickettsii infection in C3H/HeN mice. Vaccine. 2017; 35(51); 7204-7212. [PubMed: 29032899].

14. Wiki: Rickettsia: Rickettsia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia]