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Newcastle disease virus

Table of Contents
  1. General Information
    1. NCBI Taxonomy ID
    2. Disease
    3. Introduction
    4. Host Ranges and Animal Models
  2. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
    1. F (Protective antigen)
    2. F fusion protein (Protective antigen)
    3. HN hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (Protective antigen)
  3. Vaccine Information
    1. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.10)
    2. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.11)
    3. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.43)
    4. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.42)
    5. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12H1.4M)
    6. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12H1.67)
    7. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.40)
    8. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.43)
    9. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.62)
    10. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12D5.45)
    11. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.61)
    12. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.00)
    13. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.01)
    14. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.40)
    15. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.11)
    16. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.43)
    17. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.50)
    18. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.90)
    19. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.91)
    20. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.41)
    21. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.42)
    22. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.E0)
    23. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.40)
    24. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.41)
    25. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.E0)
    26. HVT-ND
    27. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotype 3, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R0)
    28. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 1 & 2 & 3, Live Virus, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R2)
    29. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 1 & 3, Live Virus, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R1)
    30. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 2 & 3, Live Virus & Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17H1.R1)
    31. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 2 & 3, Live Virus & Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17H1.R2)
    32. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.10)
    33. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.12)
    34. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.14)
    35. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.18)
    36. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.10)
    37. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, C2 Strain, Live VirusVaccine (USDA: 17B1.10)
    38. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.0A)
    39. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.10)
    40. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.11)
    41. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.15)
    42. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.16)
    43. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.17)
    44. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.10)
    45. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.11)
    46. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.13)
    47. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.15)
    48. Newcastle Disease VG/GA Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1701.10)
    49. Newcastle Disease VG/GA Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.V1)
    50. Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine pCAGF encoding the F protein
    51. Newcastle Disease Virus HN Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine
    52. Newcastle disease virus vaccine by Dow AgroSciences
    53. Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D7.10)
    54. Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D7.11)
    55. Newcastle Disease-Fowl Pox Live Fowl Pox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17C1.R0)
    56. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.13)
    57. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.1A)
    58. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.13)
    59. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.1X)
    60. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A1.1M)
    61. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A1.1N)
    62. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.1M)
    63. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.14)
    64. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.15)
    65. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.17)
    66. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.1H)
    67. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.14)
    68. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.15)
    69. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.11)
    70. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.12)
    71. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.18)
    72. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.19)
    73. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.11)
    74. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.19)
    75. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.1X)
    76. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, C2 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1XC1.10)
    77. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, C2 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1XB1.10)
    78. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types Vaccine (USDA: 17B1.17)
    79. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.14)
    80. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.17)
    81. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.11)
    82. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.12)
    83. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.18)
    84. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.19)
    85. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.1A)
    86. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.10)
    87. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.12)
    88. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1775.10)
    89. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1775.11)
    90. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1776.10)
    91. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.11)
    92. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Bacterin (USDA: 48B5.10)
    93. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Bacterin (USDA: 48B6.10)
    94. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D6.10)
    95. Newcastle-Bronchitis VG/GA Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17V1.10)
    96. Newcastle-Bronchitis VG/GA Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17V1.11)
    97. Newcastle-Paramyxovirus Type 3, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17P5.10)
    98. rAPMV3-F (newcastle disease)
    99. rFPV-NDV-H/F
    100. Vectormune FP-ND
  4. References
I. General Information
1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:
11176
2. Disease:
Newcastle disease
3. Introduction
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Transmission occurs by exposure to faecal and other excretions from infected birds, and through contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment and clothing. NDV strains can be categorised as velogenic (highly virulent), mesogenic (intermediate virulence) or lentogenic (nonvirulent). Velogenic strains produce severe nervous and respiratory signs, spread rapidly and cause up to 90% mortality. Mesogenic strains cause coughing, affect egg quality and production and result in up to 10% mortality. Lentogenic strains produce mild signs with negligible mortality. In 1999, promising results were reported using an attenuated strain of the Newcastle virus codenamed MTH-68 in cancer patients. Newcastle disease is a contagious bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species. Its effects are most notable in domestic poultry due to their high susceptibility and the potential for severe impacts of an epidemic on the poultry industries. It is endemic to many countries (Wiki: Newcastle disease).
4. Host Ranges and Animal Models
Domestic and wild birds are affected by Newcastle virus, Amazon parrots are can be asymptomatic carriers of the disease (Wiki: Newcastle disease).
1. F
  • Gene Name : F
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Newcastle disease virus strain D26/76
  • NCBI Protein GI : 549308
  • Other Database IDs : CDD:278924
  • Taxonomy ID : 11180
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : ?
  • Protein Name : Fusion glycoprotein F0
  • Protein pI : 7.35
  • Protein Weight : 58481.16
  • Protein Length : 735
  • Protein Note : {ECO:0000255}.
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >sp|P35936.1|FUS_NDVD RecName: Full=Fusion glycoprotein F0; Contains: RecName: Full=Fusion glycoprotein F2; Contains: RecName: Full=Fusion glycoprotein F1; Flags: Precursor
    MGSRSSTRIPVPLMLTVRIMLALSCVCPTSSLDGRPLAAAGIVVTGDKAVNIYTSSQTGSIIIKLLPNMP
    KDKEACAKAPLEAYNRTLTTLLTPLGDSIRRIQESVTTSGGGKQGRLIGAIIGGVALGVATAAQITAASA
    LIQANQNAANILRLKESIAATNEAVHEVTDGLSQLAVAVGKMQQFVNDQFNKTAQELDCIKITQQVGVEL
    NLYLTELTTVFGPQITSPALTQLTIQALYNLAGGNMDYLLTKLGVGNNQLSSLIGSGLITGNPILYDSQT
    QLLGIQVTLPSVGNLNNMRATYLETLSVSTTKGFASALVPKVVTQVGSVIEELDTSYCIETDLDLYCTRI
    VTFPMSPGIYSCLSGNTSACMYSKTEGALTTPYMTLKGSVIANCKMTTCRCADPPGIISQNYGEAVSLID
    RQSCNILSLDGITLRLSGEFDATYQKNISIQDSQVIVTGNLDISTELGNVNNSISNALDKLEESNSKLDK
    VNVKLTSTSALITYIFLTVISLVCGILSLVLACYLMYKQKAQQKTLLWLGNNTLDQMRATTKM
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
2. F fusion protein
  • Gene Name : F fusion protein
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Newcastle disease virus B1
  • VO ID : VO_0011208
  • NCBI Gene ID : 912271
  • NCBI Protein GI : 11545723
  • Locus Tag : NDVgp4
  • Genbank Accession : AF309418
  • Protein Accession : NP_071469
  • 3D structure: PDB ID : 3MAW
  • Taxonomy ID : 139270
  • Gene Starting Position : 4497
  • Gene Ending Position : 6278
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
  • Protein Name : fusion protein
  • Protein pI : 8.34
  • Protein Weight : 55332.07
  • Protein Length : 553
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >NC_002617.1:4497-6278 Newcastle disease virus B1, complete genome
    CACGGGTAGAAGACTCTGGATCCCGGTTGGCGCCCTCCAGGTGCAGGATGGGCTCCAGACCTTTTACCAA
    GAACCCAGCACCTATGATGCTGACTATCCGGGTCGCGCTGGTATTGAGTTGCATCTGTCCGGCAAACTCC
    ATTGATGGCAGGCCTTTTGCAGCTGCAGGAATTGTGGTTACAGGAGACAAAGCAGTCAACATATACACCT
    CATCCCAGACAGGATCAATCATAGTTAAGCTCCTCCCGAATCTGCCCAAGGATAAGGAGGCATGTGCGAA
    AGCCCCCTTGGATGCATACAACAGGACATTGACCACTTTGCTCACCCCCCTTGGTGACTCTATCCGTAGG
    ATACAAGAGTCTGTGACTACATCTGGAGGGGGGAGACAGGGGCGCCTTATAGGCGCCATTATTGGCGGTG
    TGGCTCTTGGGGTTGCAACTGCCGCACAAATAACAGCGGCCGCAGCTCTGATACAAGCCAAACAAAATGC
    TGCCAACATCCTCCGACTTAAAGAGAGCATTGCCGCAACCAATGAGGCTGTGCATGAGGTCACTGACGGA
    TTATCCCAACTAGCAGTGGCAGTTGGGAAGATGCAGCAGTTTGTTAATGACCAATTTAATAAAACAGCTC
    AGGAATTAGACTGCATAAAAATTGCACAGCAAGTTGGTGTAGAGCTCAACCTGTACCTAACCGAATTGAC
    TACAGTATTCGGACCACAAATCACTTCACCTGCCTTAAACAAGCTGACTATTCAGGCACTTTACAATCTA
    GCTGGTGGGAATATGGATTACTTATTGACTAAGTTAGGTATAGGGAACAATCAACTCAGCTCATTAATCG
    GTAGCGGCTTAATCACCGGTAACCCTATTCTATACGACTCACAGACTCAACTCTTGGGTATACAGGTAAC
    TCTACCTTCAGTCGGGAACCTAAATAATATGCGTGCCACCTACTTGGAAACCTTATCCGTAAGCACAACC
    AGGGGATTTGCCTCGGCACTTGTCCCAAAAGTGGTGACACAGGTCGGTTCTGTGATAGAAGAACTTGACA
    CCTCATACTGTATAGAAACTGACTTAGATTTATATTGTACAAGAATAGTAACGTTCCCTATGTCCCCTGG
    TATTTACTCCTGCTTGAGCGGCAATACATCGGCCTGTATGTACTCAAAGACCGAAGGCGCACTTACTACA
    CCATATATGACTATCAAAGGCTCAGTCATCGCTAACTGCAAGATGACAACATGTAGATGTGTAAACCCCC
    CGGGTATCATATCGCAAAACTATGGAGAAGCCGTGTCTCTAATAGATAAACAATCATGCAATGTTTTATC
    CTTAGGCGGGATAACTTTAAGGCTCAGTGGGGAATTCGATGTAACTTATCAGAAGAATATCTCAATACAA
    GATTCTCAAGTAATAATAACAGGCAATCTTGATATCTCAACTGAGCTTGGGAATGTCAACAACTCGATCA
    GTAATGCTTTGAATAAGTTAGAGGAAAGCAACAGAAAACTAGACAAAGTCAATGTCAAACTGACCAGCAC
    ATCTGCTCTCATTACCTATATCGTTTTGACTATCATATCTCTTGTTTTTGGTATACTTAGCCTGATTCTA
    GCATGCTACCTAATGTACAAGCAAAAGGCGCAACAAAAGACCTTATTATGGCTTGGGAATAATACCCTAG
    ATCAGATGAGAGCCACTACAAAAATGTGAACACAGATGAGGAACGAAGGTTTCCCTAATAGTAATTTGTG
    TGAAAGTTCTGGTAGTCTGTCAGTTCGGAGAG
    
    
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >NP_071469.1 fusion protein [Newcastle disease virus B1]
    MGSRPFTKNPAPMMLTIRVALVLSCICPANSIDGRPFAAAGIVVTGDKAVNIYTSSQTGSIIVKLLPNLP
    KDKEACAKAPLDAYNRTLTTLLTPLGDSIRRIQESVTTSGGGRQGRLIGAIIGGVALGVATAAQITAAAA
    LIQAKQNAANILRLKESIAATNEAVHEVTDGLSQLAVAVGKMQQFVNDQFNKTAQELDCIKIAQQVGVEL
    NLYLTELTTVFGPQITSPALNKLTIQALYNLAGGNMDYLLTKLGIGNNQLSSLIGSGLITGNPILYDSQT
    QLLGIQVTLPSVGNLNNMRATYLETLSVSTTRGFASALVPKVVTQVGSVIEELDTSYCIETDLDLYCTRI
    VTFPMSPGIYSCLSGNTSACMYSKTEGALTTPYMTIKGSVIANCKMTTCRCVNPPGIISQNYGEAVSLID
    KQSCNVLSLGGITLRLSGEFDVTYQKNISIQDSQVIITGNLDISTELGNVNNSISNALNKLEESNRKLDK
    VNVKLTSTSALITYIVLTIISLVFGILSLILACYLMYKQKAQQKTLLWLGNNTLDQMRATTKM
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : A recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus strain F48E8 protected chickens against virulent NDV challenge. The protective rate was 96.7% (Wu et al., 2000).
  • Related Vaccine(s): HVT-ND , Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine pCAGF encoding the F protein , rAPMV3-F (newcastle disease)
3. HN hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
  • Gene Name : HN hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
  • Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Newcastle disease virus B1
  • VO ID : VO_0011209
  • NCBI Gene ID : 912270
  • NCBI Protein GI : 11545724
  • Locus Tag : NDVgp5
  • Genbank Accession : AF309418
  • Protein Accession : NP_071470
  • 3D structure: PDB ID : 1USR
  • Taxonomy ID : 139270
  • Gene Starting Position : 6320
  • Gene Ending Position : 8311
  • Gene Strand (Orientation) : +
  • Protein Name : hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
  • Protein pI : 7.24
  • Protein Weight : 59257.8
  • Protein Length : 577
  • DNA Sequence : Show Sequence
    >NC_002617.1:6320-8311 Newcastle disease virus B1, complete genome
    TACGGGTAGAACGGTAAGAGAGGCCGCCCCTCAATTGCGAGCCAGACTTCACAACCTCCGTTCTACCGCT
    TCACCGACAACAGTCCTCAATCATGGACCGCGCCGTTAGCCAAGTTGCGTTAGAGAATGATGAAAGAGAG
    GCAAAAAATACATGGCGCTTGATATTCCGGATTGCAATCTTATTCTTAACAGTAGTGACCTTGGCTATAT
    CTGTAGCCTCCCTTTTATATAGCATGGGGGCTAGCACACCTAGCGATCTTGTAGGCATACCGACTAGGAT
    TTCCAGGGCAGAAGAAAAGATTACATCTACACTTGGTTCCAATCAAGATGTAGTAGATAGGATATATAAG
    CAAGTGGCCCTTGAGTCTCCATTGGCATTGTTAAATACTGAGACCACAATTATGAACGCAATAACATCTC
    TCTCTTATCAGATTAATGGAGCTGCAAACAACAGCGGGTGGGGGGCACCTATTCATGACCCAGATTATAT
    AGGGGGGATAGGCAAAGAACTCATTGTAGATGATGCTAGTGATGTCACATCATTCTATCCCTCTGCATTT
    CAAGAACATCTGAATTTTATCCCGGCGCCTACTACAGGATCAGGTTGCACTCGAATACCCTCATTTGACA
    TGAGTGCTACCCATTACTGCTACACCCATAATGTAATATTGTCTGGATGCAGAGATCACTCACACTCATA
    TCAGTATTTAGCACTTGGTGTGCTCCGGACATCTGCAACAGGGAGGGTATTCTTTTCTACTCTGCGTTCC
    ATCAACCTGGACGACACCCAAAATCGGAAGTCTTGCAGTGTGAGTGCAACTCCCCTGGGTTGTGATATGC
    TGTGCTCGAAAGCCACGGAGACAGAGGAAGAAGATTATAACTCAGCTGTCCCTACGCGGATGGTACATGG
    GAGGTTAGGGTTCGACGGCCAATATCACGAAAAGGACCTAGATGTCACAACATTATTCGGGGACTGGGTG
    GCCAACTACCCAGGAGTAGGGGGTGGATCTTTTATTGACAGCCGCGTATGGTTCTCAGTCTACGGAGGGT
    TAAAACCCAATTCACCCAGTGACACTGTACAGGAAGGGAAATATGTGATATACAAGCGATACAATGACAC
    ATGCCCAGATGAGCAAGACTACCAGATTCGAATGGCCAAGTCTTCGTATAAGCCTGGACGGTTTGGTGGG
    AAACGCATACAGCAGGCTATCTTATCTATCAAAGTGTCAACATCCTTAGGCGAAGACCCGGTACTGACTG
    TACCGCCCAACACAGTCACACTCATGGGGGCCGAAGGCAGAATTCTCACAGTAGGGACATCCCATTTCTT
    GTATCAGCGAGGGTCATCATACTTCTCTCCCGCGTTATTATATCCTATGACAGTCAGCAACAAAACAGCC
    ACTCTTCATAGTCCTTATACATTCAATGCCTTCACTCGGCCAGGTAGTATCCCTTGCCAGGCTTCAGCAA
    GATGCCCCAACTCGTGTGTTACTGGAGTCTATACAGATCCATATCCCCTAATCTTCTATAGAAACCACAC
    CTTGCGAGGGGTATTCGGGACAATGCTTGATGGTGAACAAGCAAGACTTAACCCTGCGTCTGCAGTATTC
    GATAGCACATCCCGCAGTCGCATAACTCGAGTGAGTTCAAGCAGCATCAAAGCAGCATACACAACATCAA
    CTTGTTTTAAAGTGGTCAAGACCAATAAGACCTATTGTCTCAGCATTGCTGAAATATCTAATACTCTCTT
    CGGAGAATTCAGAATCGTCCCGTTACTAGTTGAGATCCTCAAAGATGACGGGGTTAGAGAAGCCAGGTCT
    GGCTAGTTGAGTCAACTATGAAAGAGTTGGAAAGATGGCATTGTATCACCTATCTTCTGCGACATCAAGA
    ATCAAACCGAATGCCGGCGCGTGCTCGAATTCCATGTCGCCAGTTGACCACAATCAGCCAGTGCTCATGC
    GATCAGATTAAGCCTTGTCAATAGTCTCTTGA
    
    
  • Protein Sequence : Show Sequence
    >NP_071470.1 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [Newcastle disease virus B1]
    MDRAVSQVALENDEREAKNTWRLIFRIAILFLTVVTLAISVASLLYSMGASTPSDLVGIPTRISRAEEKI
    TSTLGSNQDVVDRIYKQVALESPLALLNTETTIMNAITSLSYQINGAANNSGWGAPIHDPDYIGGIGKEL
    IVDDASDVTSFYPSAFQEHLNFIPAPTTGSGCTRIPSFDMSATHYCYTHNVILSGCRDHSHSYQYLALGV
    LRTSATGRVFFSTLRSINLDDTQNRKSCSVSATPLGCDMLCSKATETEEEDYNSAVPTRMVHGRLGFDGQ
    YHEKDLDVTTLFGDWVANYPGVGGGSFIDSRVWFSVYGGLKPNSPSDTVQEGKYVIYKRYNDTCPDEQDY
    QIRMAKSSYKPGRFGGKRIQQAILSIKVSTSLGEDPVLTVPPNTVTLMGAEGRILTVGTSHFLYQRGSSY
    FSPALLYPMTVSNKTATLHSPYTFNAFTRPGSIPCQASARCPNSCVTGVYTDPYPLIFYRNHTLRGVFGT
    MLDGEQARLNPASAVFDSTSRSRITRVSSSSIKAAYTTSTCFKVVKTNKTYCLSIAEISNTLFGEFRIVP
    LLVEILKDDGVREARSG
    
    
  • Molecule Role : Protective antigen
  • Molecule Role Annotation : Recombinant baculoviruses containing the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein gene of the viscerotropic velogenic (vv) Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate, Kr-005/00, and a lentogenic La Sota strain of the NDV were constructed. A single dose of rNDHN(V) had a protective effect against mortality (p <0.01) in chickens (Lee et al., 2008).
  • Related Vaccine(s): Newcastle Disease Virus HN Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine , rAPMV3-F (newcastle disease)
III. Vaccine Information
1. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002065
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
2. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002066
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
3. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.43)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International, Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002068
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
4. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12G5.42)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002067
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
5. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12H1.4M)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002069
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
6. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12H1.67)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002070
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
7. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.40)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002071
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
8. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.43)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002072
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
9. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.62)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002074
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
10. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12D5.45)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002060
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
11. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12J5.61)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002073
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
12. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.00)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International, Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002075
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
13. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.01)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Lohmann Animal Health International, Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002076
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
14. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.40)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002078
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
15. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002077
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
16. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.43)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002081
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
17. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.50)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002082
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
18. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.90)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002083
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
19. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.91)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002084
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
20. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.41)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002079
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
21. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.42)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002080
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
22. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12M5.E0)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002085
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
23. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.40)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002086
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
24. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.41)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002087
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
25. Bursal Disease-Newcastle Disease-Reovirus Standard & Variant, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 12P5.E0)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002088
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
26. HVT-ND
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004632
b. Type:
Recombinant vector vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Baboon
e. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: A turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine (HVT/ND) expressing the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (Esaki et al., 2013).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Vector:
(Esaki et al., 2013)
g. Preparation
A turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine (HVT/ND) expressing the fusion gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (Esaki et al., 2013).
h. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
i. Chicken Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: Chickens were vaccinated by the in ovo route to 18-day-old embryos or by the subcutaneous route to 1-day-old chicks (Esaki et al., 2013).
  • Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
  • Challenge Protocol: Challenge was conducted using a low-virulence NDV strain (genotype II; pathotype lentogenic) via the respiratory tract each week between 1 and 5 weeks of age, in order to mimic the situation in areas where virulent NDV strains do not normally exist and low-virulence strains cause mild respiratory symptoms leading to economic losses (Esaki et al., 2013).
  • Efficacy: Partial protection was observed at 3 weeks of age, when 6 out of 10 (60%) chickens were protected. Full protection was obtained at 4 and 5 weeks of age, when 9 out of 10 (90%) and 10 out of 10 (100%) chickens were protected, respectively. Finally, protection against challenge with virulent Texas GB strain at 19 weeks of age was evaluated in commercial female layer chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with HVT/ND. All of the vaccinated chickens were protected, while all of the challenge controls succumbed to the challenge (Esaki et al., 2013).
27. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotype 3, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R0)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002143
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
28. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 1 & 2 & 3, Live Virus, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R2)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002145
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
29. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 1 & 3, Live Virus, Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 16N1.R1)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002144
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
30. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 2 & 3, Live Virus & Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17H1.R1)
a. Manufacturer:
Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002182
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
31. Marek's Disease-Newcastle Disease Serotypes 2 & 3, Live Virus & Live Marek's Disease Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17H1.R2)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002183
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
32. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001704
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
33. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.12)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001705
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
34. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.14)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001706
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
35. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1711.18)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001707
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
36. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, B1 Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001708
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
37. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, C2 Strain, Live VirusVaccine (USDA: 17B1.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001709
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
38. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.0A)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001710
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
39. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International, Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001711
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
40. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001712
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
41. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.15)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001713
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
42. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.16)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001714
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
43. Newcastle Disease B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1721.17)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001715
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
44. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001716
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
45. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001717
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
46. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.13)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001718
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
47. Newcastle Disease Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1705.15)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001719
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
48. Newcastle Disease VG/GA Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1701.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001720
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
49. Newcastle Disease VG/GA Strain, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.V1)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001721
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
50. Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine pCAGF encoding the F protein
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004324
b. Type:
DNA vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model:
Chicken
e. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Description: Vector Pcaggs expressed the Newcastle disease virus Fprotein (NDV-F) (Sakaguchi et al., 1996).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Vector:
Pcaggs (Sakaguchi et al., 1996)
g. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
h. Chicken Response
  • Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286
  • Efficacy: At 9 weeks post-injection, chickens were challenged with the velogenic NDV Sato strain. The chickens that had the antibody against NDV-F from immunization were protected from lethal NDV challenge. The DNA vaccine conferred efficient protection against the disease (Sakaguchi et al., 1996).
51. Newcastle Disease Virus HN Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0011552
b. Type:
Subunit vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Antigen
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein (Lee et al., 2008).
e. Gene Engineering of HN hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description:
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Adjuvant:
g. Vector:
Baculovirus (Lee et al., 2008).
h. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
i. Chicken Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: For vaccination, chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with the Seppic-adjuvanted antigen (Lee et al., 2008).
  • Challenge Protocol: Each group of vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens was challenged with the vvNDV Kr-005/00 strain through an intraocular inoculation with an 10^5.5 EID50 per bird. vvNDV Kr-005/00 was the representative strain of genotype VII, which is the dominant epizootic genotype in Korea. The chickens were kept under observation for 14 days after infection (Lee et al., 2008).
  • Efficacy: A single dose of rNDHN(V) had a protective effect against mortality (p <0.01) in chickens (Lee et al., 2008).
52. Newcastle disease virus vaccine by Dow AgroSciences
a. Manufacturer:
Dow AgroSciences
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0011474
c. Type:
Live, attenuated vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
f. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
g. Description
HN recombinant produced in plant cell lines (registered but not on market)(Meeusen et al., 2007)
53. Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D7.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002282
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
54. Newcastle Disease-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D7.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002283
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
55. Newcastle Disease-Fowl Pox Live Fowl Pox Vector Vaccine (USDA: 17C1.R0)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002181
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
56. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.13)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002150
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
57. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.1A)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002156
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
58. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Conn Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.13)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002158
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
59. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.1X)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002176
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
60. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A1.1M)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002177
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
61. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A1.1N)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002178
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
62. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Ark Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17A2.1M)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002179
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
63. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.14)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002151
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
64. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.15)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002152
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
65. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.17)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002153
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
66. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.1H)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002159
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
67. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.14)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002173
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
68. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.15)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002174
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
69. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002148
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
70. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.12)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Lohmann Animal Health International, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002149
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
71. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.18)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002154
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
72. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1761.19)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002155
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
73. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1762.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002157
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
74. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.19)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002175
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
75. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, B1 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1791.1X)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004207
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
76. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, C2 Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1XC1.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002204
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
77. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, C2 Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1XB1.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002203
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
78. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types Vaccine (USDA: 17B1.17)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002180
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
79. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.14)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002162
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
80. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.17)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002163
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
81. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Lohmann Animal Health International, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002160
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
82. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.12)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002161
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
83. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.18)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc., Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002164
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
84. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.19)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002165
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
85. Newcastle-Bronchitis B1 Type, LaSota Strain, Mass Type, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1771.1A)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002166
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
86. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002170
c. Status:
Licensed
d. Location Licensed:
USA
e. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
87. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass & Ark Types, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.12)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002172
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
88. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1775.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002167
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
89. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1775.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002168
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
90. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1776.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002169
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
91. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 1785.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002171
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
92. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Bacterin (USDA: 48B5.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002275
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
93. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Bacterin (USDA: 48B6.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Intervet Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002276
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
94. Newcastle-Bronchitis Mass Type, Killed Virus Vaccine-Salmonella Enteritidis Bacterin (USDA: 48D6.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Wyeth, Intervet Inc., Biomune Company
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002281
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
95. Newcastle-Bronchitis VG/GA Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17V1.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002185
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
96. Newcastle-Bronchitis VG/GA Strain, Mass & Conn Types, Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17V1.11)
a. Manufacturer:
Merial, Inc.
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002186
c. Type:
Live vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
97. Newcastle-Paramyxovirus Type 3, Killed Virus Vaccine (USDA: 17P5.10)
a. Manufacturer:
Lohmann Animal Health International
b. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0002184
c. Type:
Inactivated or "killed" vaccine
d. Status:
Licensed
e. Location Licensed:
USA
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Chicken
98. rAPMV3-F (newcastle disease)
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004684
b. Type:
Recombinant vector vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Baboon
e. Gene Engineering of F fusion protein
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Description: Recombinant viruses, rAPMV3-F and rAPMV3-HN, were generated expressing the NDV fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins (Kumar et al., 2011).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
f. Gene Engineering of HN hemagglutinin-neuraminidase
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: Recombinant viruses, rAPMV3-F and rAPMV3-HN, were generated expressing the NDV fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins (Kumar et al., 2011).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click here.
g. Preparation
Recombinant virus, rAPMV3-F generated expressinv the NDV fusion protein (Kumar et al., 2011).
h. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
i. Chicken Response
  • Vaccination Protocol: 2-week-old chickens were immunized by the oculonasal route in order to evaluate the contribution of each protein to the induction of NDV-specific neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity (Kumar et al., 2011).
  • Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
  • Challenge Protocol: The immunized birds were challenged 21 days after vaccination with virulent NDV via the oculonasal, intramuscular, or intravenous route (Kumar et al., 2011).
  • Efficacy: With oculonasal or intramuscular challenge, all three recombinant viruses (rAPMV3, rAPMV3-F, and rAPMV3-HN) were protective, while all unvaccinated birds succumbed to death. However, with intravenous challenge, birds immunized with rAPMV3 were not protected, whereas birds immunized with rAPMV3-F alone or in combination with rAPMV3-HN were completely protected, and birds immunized with rAPMV3-HN alone were partially protected. These results indicate that the NDV F and HN proteins are independent neutralization and protective antigens, but the contribution by F is greater (Kumar et al., 2011).
99. rFPV-NDV-H/F
a. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0004751
b. Type:
Recombinant vector vaccine
c. Status:
Research
d. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Baboon
e. Preparation
(Boursnell et al., 1990)
f. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
100. Vectormune FP-ND
a. Tradename:
Vectormune FP-ND
b. Manufacturer:
Biomune
c. Vaccine Ontology ID:
VO_0001016
d. Type:
Recombinant vector vaccine
e. Status:
Licensed
f. Host Species for Licensed Use:
Pig
g. Immunization Route
Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
h. Description
Fowlpox virus vectored
IV. References
1. Boursnell et al., 1990: Boursnell ME, Green PF, Samson AC, Campbell JI, Deuter A, Peters RW, Millar NS, Emmerson PT, Binns MM. A recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protects chickens against challenge by NDV. Virology. 1990; 178(1); 297-300. [PubMed: 2167557].
2. Esaki et al., 2013: Esaki M, Godoy A, Rosenberger JK, Rosenberger SC, Gardin Y, Yasuda A, Dorsey KM. Protection and antibody response caused by turkey herpesvirus vector Newcastle disease vaccine. Avian diseases. 2013; 57(4); 750-755. [PubMed: 24597117].
3. Kumar et al., 2011: Kumar S, Nayak B, Collins PL, Samal SK. Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus F and HN proteins in protective immunity by using a recombinant avian paramyxovirus type 3 vector in chickens. Journal of virology. 2011; 85(13); 6521-6534. [PubMed: 21525340].
4. Lee et al., 2008: Lee YJ, Sung HW, Choi JG, Lee EK, Yoon H, Kim JH, Song CS. Protection of chickens from Newcastle disease with a recombinant baculovirus subunit vaccine expressing the fusion and hemagglutininneuraminidase proteins. Journal of veterinary science. 2008; 9(3); 301-308. [PubMed: 18716451].
5. Meeusen et al., 2007: Meeusen EN, Walker J, Peters A, Pastoret PP, Jungersen G. Current status of veterinary vaccines. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2007; 20(3); 489-510. [PubMed: 17630337].
6. Sakaguchi et al., 1996: Sakaguchi M, Nakamura H, Sonoda K, Hamada F, Hirai K. Protection of chickens from Newcastle disease by vaccination with a linear plasmid DNA expressing the F protein of Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine. 1996; 14(8); 747-752. [PubMed: 8817820].
7. Wiki: Newcastle disease: Newcastle disease [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_disease_virus]
8. Wu et al., 2000: Wu YT, Peng DX, Liu XF, Liu WZ, Zhang RK. [A recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the fusion protein of Newcastle disease virus strain F48E8 and its protective efficacy]. Sheng wu gong cheng xue bao = Chinese journal of biotechnology. 2000; 16(5); 591-594. [PubMed: 11191764].