• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004628
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species for Licensed Use: Baboon
• Vector: (Saljoughian et al., 2013)
• Preparation: Recombinant L. tarentolae expressing the L. donovani A2 antigen along with cysteine proteinases (CPA and CPB without its unusual C-terminal extension (CPB(-CTE))) as a tri-fusion gene (Saljoughian et al., 2013).
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004066
• Type: Subunit vaccine
• Status: Research
• SMT gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001250
  • Description: 20 μg of MPL®-SE (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensant, Belgium) (Goto et al., 2007).
• Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0003006
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• HSP70 II gene engineering:
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Preparation: The HSP70-II null mutant (∆hsp70-II::NEO/∆hsp70-II::HYG) is a cloned line that was generated by targeted deletion of both HSP70-II alleles in the L. infantum strain MCAN/ES/96/BCN150 [32]. L. major promastigote (strain MHOM/IL/80/Friedlin; clon V1) were also used in this study. Promastigotes of both species were grown in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% heatinactivated FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 µg/ml streptomycin (Carrion et al., 2011).
• Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)

• Product Name: DNA Vaccine encoding LIPO-A Protein of L. infantum
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004197
• Type: DNA vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: LiP0
• LIPO-A gene engineering:
  • Type: DNA vaccine construction
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Vector: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3 (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.) (Iborra et al., 2003)
• Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)

• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004198
• Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
• Status: Research
• Antigen: L. infantum p36/LACK protein
• P36/LACK gene engineering:
  • Type: Recombinant vector construction
  • Description: The gene encoding L. infantum p36/LACK protein was expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus, and co-expressed murine IL-12 (Gonzalo et al., 2001).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Adjuvant:
  • VO ID: VO_0001147
• Vector: Recombinant vaccinia virus (VVr) derived from the wild-type Western Reserve strain (WR) (Gonzalo et al., 2001).
• Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)

Mouse Response

• Vaccination Protocol: Group 1 (DNA cSLN/Live) immunized with pcDNA-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE-cSLN (50 µg of pcDNA-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE formulated by cSLN nanoparticles as a chemical delivery as previously described [59] as a prime and with 2×10^7 recombinant L. tarentolae A2-CPA-CPB-CTE as a boost; group 2 (L. tarentolae Live A2-CPA-CPB-CTE/L. tarentolae Live A2-CPA-CPB-CTE) vaccinated with 2×10^7 recombinant L. tarentolae-A2-CPA-CPB-CTE as prime and boost; group 3 (PBS as a control); group 4 [(empty vector pcDNA-cSLN (prime)/Live L. tarentolae wild type (boost) as a control)]; and group 5 (L. tarentolae Live/L. tarentolae Live) vaccinated with 2×10^7 L. tarentolae wild type as prime and boost and used as a control. All groups were immunized via footpad (Saljoughian et al., 2013).
• Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057
• Challenge Protocol: Three weeks after the last immunization, all animals were challenged with 10^7 stationary phase L. infantum promastigotes by lateral tail vein (Saljoughian et al., 2013).
• Efficacy: Our results showed that immunization with both prime-boost A2-CPA-CPB(-CTE)-recombinant L. tarentolae protects BALB/c mice against L. infantum challenge (Saljoughian et al., 2013).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: C57BL/6
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were immunized with 10 μg of rSMT plus 20 μg of MPL®-SE in a volume of 0.1 ml. Another group of mice was administrated with 10 μg of rSMT alone. Control groups received either saline or MPL®-SE alone. The mice were immunized subcutaneously three times at three weeks intervals in the right hind footpad and at the base of the tail (Goto et al., 2007).
• Challenge Protocol: Mice were challenged with L. infantum three weeks after the last immunization. 5 × 10^6 L. infantum promastigotes were suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution and injected i.v. into the tail vein of the mouse (Goto et al., 2007).
• Efficacy: Significant reduction of parasites was seen in mice immunized with rSMT plus MPL®-SE compared with those in saline or adjuvant alone groups. The immunized mice showed 43-fold and 55-fold reduction in the number of parasites in spleens, 111-fold and 117-fold reduction in livers compared with saline and adjuvant alone groups, respectively (Goto et al., 2007).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c mouse
• Persistence: L. infantum parasites lacking the HSP70-II gene have a virulence greatly reduced (Carrion et al., 2011).
• Efficacy: Inoculation of ∆HSP70-II parasites protects BALB/c mice against L. major challenge (Carrion et al., 2011).
• Host Ighv1-9 response
  • Description: The IgG2a titers were high for all groups with differing inoculation routes, suggesting that infection with ΔHSP70-II parasites, independent of the inoculation route, leads to a predominant production of anti-Leishmania antibodies of the IgG2a isotope. Antibody titers were determined by ELISA before and 4 weeks after inoculation and showed an increase between the two samples. IgG2a titers were significantly higher than IgG1 titers (Carrion et al., 2011).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: In DNA immunization experiments, mice were inoculated twice intramuscularly (i.m.) in both quadriceps with 100 μg of DNA (50 μg per leg) of either pcDNA3-LiP0 or pcDNA3 (controls) in a total volume of 100 μl of PBS. When “prime-boost” immunization was carried out, two inoculations of DNA and two inoculations of recombinant protein were administered. In all groups, the mice were inoculated at 2-week intervals (Iborra et al., 2003).
• Challenge Protocol: Two weeks after the final inoculation, immunized mice were challenged with 5 × 10^4 stationary-phase promastigotes of L. major that were suspended in 50 μl of PBS and injected into the left hind footpad (Iborra et al., 2003).
• Efficacy: Three weeks after challenge, the parasite burden was found to be significantly lower in mice vaccinated with pcDNA3-LiP0 than in controls. Mice vaccinated with LiP0-DNA had a 99.1% reduction in the parasite burden 3 weeks after infection compared with mice vaccinated with control DNA (Iborra et al., 2003).

Mouse Response

• Host Strain: BALB/c
• Vaccination Protocol: Mice were primed with VVr (5 × 10^7 PFU/mouse) by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Two weeks later (14 days p.i.), animals were boosted with VVr or recombinant p36 antigen (Gonzalo et al., 2001).
• Challenge Protocol: 35 days p.i., mice were challenged in the right hind foot with 10^5 of L. major stationary-phase promastigote culture (Gonzalo et al., 2001).
• Efficacy: BALB/c mice immunized with a DNA vector expressing p36/LACK of Leishmania infantum followed by a booster with VVp36/LACK induced significant protection against Leishmania major infection (Gonzalo et al., 2001).