VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Vaccine Comparison

HIV DNA vaccine Ad26/Ad5HVR48 encoding HIV or SIV env or gag	HIV DNA vaccine pHIS-SHIV-B	HIV DNA vaccine SHIV-89.6 DNA (DNA/89.6)	HIV DNA vaccine SIVmac239 Gag-Pol-Nef and mock Env with rAd5 boost	rBCG-SIVgag and rDIsSIVgag Prime-boost SHIV vaccine	SHIV DNA vaccine encoding env and gag	SHIV(Ba-L) DNA vaccine encoding env and gag
Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information	Vaccine Information
Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004342 Type: Recombinant vector vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Human env gene engineering: Type: Recombinant vector construction Description: This recombinant vector vaccine expressed env from HIV-1 (Barouch et al., 2012). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Gag from HIV 1 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Description: This recombinant vector vaccine expressed gag from HIV-1 (Barouch et al., 2012). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env from SIV gene engineering: Type: Recombinant vector construction Description: This recombinant vector vaccine expressed env from SIV (Barouch et al., 2012). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Gag protein from SIV-mnd 2 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Description: This recombinant vector vaccine expressed gag from SIV (Barouch et al., 2012). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004348 Type: DNA vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Monkey Antigen: full-length unmutated SIVmac239 Gag and Pol, HIV-1AD8, Tat, Rev, and Vpu, and the 5′ third of HIV-1AD8 Env (Dale et al., 2004) env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Description: The DNA vaccine strain, pHIS-SHIV-B, encoded full-length unmutated SIVmac239 Gag and Pol, HIV-1AD8, Tat, Rev, and Vpu, and the 5′ third of HIV-1AD8 Env (Dale et al., 2004). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Gag protein from SIV-mnd 2 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Pol SIV gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Tat gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. rev from HIV 1 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. vpu gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: pHIS-64 (Dale et al., 2004) Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004344 Type: DNA vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Macaque gag gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. pol gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. tat gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. rev gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. vif gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. vpr gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. vpu gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: pGA (Robinson et al., 2006) Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004349 Type: DNA vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Macaque Gag protein from SIV-mnd 2 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Pol SIV gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Nef SIV gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: pVR1012 prime, rAd5 boost (Mascola et al., 2005) Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004600 Type: Recombinant vector vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: cynomologus macaque Antigen: gag from simian immunodeficiency viruses gag gene engineering: Type: Recombinant vector construction Description: The SHIV gag gene was inserted to a recombinant BCG vector and a replication-deficient vaccinia virus strain (DIs) vaccine vector (Ami et al., 2005). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Tokyo and a replication-deficient vaccinia virus strain (DIs) (Ami et al., 2005) Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004596 Type: DNA vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Rhesus macaques env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. gag from HIV-1 vector pNL4-3 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: pSW3891 (Pal et al., 2006) Immunization Route: Gene gun	Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004597 Type: DNA vaccine Status: Research Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Macaques env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. env gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. gag from HIV-1 vector pNL4-3 gene engineering: Type: DNA vaccine construction Detailed Gene Information: Click Here. Vector: pSW3891 (Pal et al., 2005) Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
Host Response	Host Response	Host Response	Host Response	Host Response	Host Response	Host Response
Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286 Efficacy: After the high-dose vaginal SHIV-162P3 challenge, 7/8 control animals were infected. Similarly, 7/8 animals in the vaccine-only group (group V) were infected. In the microbicide-only group (group M), 4/8 animals were infected. In the combination group (group V+M), only 2/7 animals were infected. The intervention efficacy in group V+M was 67%. In summary, the data supports that vaccines and microbicides used in combination may confer protection against sexual HIV-1 transmission to women by the vaginal route (Barouch et al., 2012).	Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286 Efficacy: DNA vaccination alone primed for protection almost as effectively as the DNA/fowlpox virus regimen (Dale et al., 2004). Host IFNG from Macaca nemestrina response Description: SIV Gag-specific CD8 T cells expressing IFN-γ were dramatically boosted after challenge. Mean Gag-specific CD8 T cells peaked 3 weeks following challenge at 11.7% of all CD8 T cells in these outbred pigtail macaques immunized with the 2DNA/FPV regimen. The other vaccine groups had lower mean postchallenge CD8 T-cell responses, with peak responses at week 2 following challenge numbering 3.8% in the 3DNA group, 1.1% responses in the 1DNA/FPV group, and 2.0% in the 2DNA/FPV-IFN-γ-immunized animals (Dale et al., 2004). Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.	Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286 Immune Response: Co-delivery of GM-CSF and vaccine DNAs enhanced the temporal appearance of neutralizing Ab and broadened the specificity of the neutralizing activity to include SHIV-89.6P (Robinson et al., 2006). Efficacy: The GM-CSF-adjuvanted group showed a trend towards better control of the challenge infection and had better control of re-emergent virus (P < 0.01) than the non-adjuvanted group. After 52 weeks, the non-GM-CSF group continued to show some peaks of re-emergent virus whereas the GM-CSF group continued to maintain control below our level of detection (Robinson et al., 2006).	Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0000286 Immune Response: DNA priming-rAd5 boosting immunization platform can elicit potent anti-HIV-1 cellular immune responses and anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies (Mascola et al., 2005). Efficacy: In a challenge study, all monkeys were immunized with DNA plasmids at 0, 4, and 8 weeks and boosted with rAd5 at week 26. Serial plasma dilutions were tested against four of the more neutralization-sensitive viruses, and the plasma dilution that produced 50% virus neutralization, which is required to protect 50% of the cells from virus-induced killing, was determined. The data clearly demonstrates that both the vaccine platform and these immunogens elicit IgG-mediated virus neutralization (Mascola et al., 2005).	Macaque Response Host Strain: cynomologus macaque Vaccination Protocol: cynomologus macaques were primed with rBCG-SIVgag, and then boosted with rDIsSIVgag (Ami et al., 2005). Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057 Challenge Protocol: Ten weeks after the second booster immunization, the macaques were challenged by intrarectal inoculation with 2 × 10^3 TCID50 or 50 50% monkey infectious doses (MID50) of SHIV KS661c, an SHIV-89.6 variant clone (Ami et al., 2005). Efficacy: For the prime-boost vaccination group, plasma viremia levels remained undetectable and CD4+ T-cell counts stayed above 500 cells/μl for the entire year of testing (Ami et al., 2005).	Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057 Efficacy: The immune response elicited by the multivalent DNA prime/protein boost vaccine was able to protect macaques from rectal challenge with SHIV-Ba-L isolate. This polyvalent vaccine formulation was able to confer protection in four out of six animals against SHIV-Ba-L and significantly reduced plasma viremia in the two remaining animals (Pal et al., 2006).	Macaque Response Vaccine Immune Response Type: VO_0003057 Efficacy: one of six immunized animals was completely protected whereas all six naïve animals were infected. These results demonstrate that a vaccine based on priming with a polyvalent DNA vaccine from multiple HIV-1 subtypes followed by boosting with homologous Env proteins elicits anti-HIV-1 immune responses capable of controlling rectal transmission of SHIV(Ba-L) (Pal et al., 2005).
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*Barouch et al., 2012:* Barouch DH, Klasse PJ, Dufour J, Veazey RS, Moore JP. Macaque studies of vaccine and microbicide combinations for preventing HIV-1 sexual transmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2012; 109(22); 8694-8698. [PubMed: 22586094].	*Dale et al., 2004:* Dale CJ, De Rose R, Stratov I, Chea S, Montefiori DC, Thomson S, Ramshaw IA, Coupar BE, Boyle DB, Law M, Kent SJ. Efficacy of DNA and fowlpox virus priming/boosting vaccines for simian/human immunodeficiency virus. Journal of virology. 2004; 78(24); 13819-13828. [PubMed: 15564490].	*Robinson et al., 2006:* Robinson HL, Montefiori DC, Villinger F, Robinson JE, Sharma S, Wyatt LS, Earl PL, McClure HM, Moss B, Amara RR. Studies on GM-CSF DNA as an adjuvant for neutralizing Ab elicited by a DNA/MVA immunodeficiency virus vaccine. Virology. 2006; 352(2); 285-294. [PubMed: 16740288].	*Mascola et al., 2005:* Mascola JR, Sambor A, Beaudry K, Santra S, Welcher B, Louder MK, Vancott TC, Huang Y, Chakrabarti BK, Kong WP, Yang ZY, Xu L, Montefiori DC, Nabel GJ, Letvin NL. Neutralizing antibodies elicited by immunization of monkeys with DNA plasmids and recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins. Journal of virology. 2005; 79(2); 771-779. [PubMed: 15613305].	*Ami et al., 2005:* Ami Y, Izumi Y, Matsuo K, Someya K, Kanekiyo M, Horibata S, Yoshino N, Sakai K, Shinohara K, Matsumoto S, Yamada T, Yamazaki S, Yamamoto N, Honda M. Priming-boosting vaccination with recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and a nonreplicating vaccinia virus recombinant leads to long-lasting and effective immunity. Journal of virology. 2005; 79(20); 12871-12879. [PubMed: 16188989].	*Pal et al., 2006:* Pal R, Kalyanaraman VS, Nair BC, Whitney S, Keen T, Hocker L, Hudacik L, Rose N, Mboudjeka I, Shen S, Wu-Chou TH, Montefiori D, Mascola J, Markham P, Lu S. Immunization of rhesus macaques with a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine elicits protective antibody response against simian human immunodeficiency virus of R5 phenotype. Virology. 2006; 348(2); 341-353. [PubMed: 16460776].	*Pal et al., 2005:* Pal R, Wang S, Kalyanaraman VS, Nair BC, Whitney S, Keen T, Hocker L, Hudacik L, Rose N, Cristillo A, Mboudjeka I, Shen S, Wu-Chou TH, Montefiori D, Mascola J, Lu S, Markham P. Polyvalent DNA prime and envelope protein boost HIV-1 vaccine elicits humoral and cellular responses and controls plasma viremia in rhesus macaques following rectal challenge with an R5 SHIV isolate. Journal of medical primatology. 2005; 34(5-6); 226-236. [PubMed: 16128917].