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Vaccine Comparison
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MERS England S1 subunit protein vaccine |
MERS England1 S DNA + MERS England1 S protein subunit vaccine |
MERS-CoV VLP vaccine |
VSVΔG-MERS vaccine |
| Vaccine Information |
Vaccine Information |
Vaccine Information |
Vaccine Information |
- Type: Subunit vaccine
- Status: Research
- Host Species for Licensed Use: None
- Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse, rhesus monkey
- Antigen: S1 subunit of S from MERS-CoV. (Wang et al., 2015)
- Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
- Description: A DNA vaccine constructed from a plasmid vaccines that encoded S1 subunit only. (Wang et al., 2015)
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- Type: Mixed, DNA vaccine and Subunit vaccine
- Status: Research
- Host Species for Licensed Use: None
- Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse, rhesus monkey
- Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
- Description: A mixed vaccine using England S1 subunit protein vaccine and England1 S DNA vaccine. VRC8400 plasmid used to construct antigen (Wang et al., 2015)
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- Type: Subunit vaccine
- Status: Research
- Host Species for Licensed Use: Macaque
- Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Rhesus Macaque
- Antigen: MERS-CoV S, E, and M proteins (Wang et al., 2017)
- Vector: Recombinant baculovirus (Wang et al., 2017)
- Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
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- Type: Recombinant vector vaccine
- Status: Research
- Host Species for Licensed Use: None
- Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse
- Antigen: S from MERS-CoV (Liu et al., 2018)
- Vector: vesicular stomatitis virus (Liu et al., 2018)
- Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
- Description: Chimeric virus based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in which the G gene was replaced by MERS-CoV S gene (VSVΔG-MERS) (Liu et al., 2018)
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| Host Response |
Host Response |
Host Response |
Host Response |
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Mouse Response
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Mouse Response
- Host Strain: BALB/cJ
- Vaccination Protocol: S1 MERS-CoV full-length Spike protein at weeks and 3 and then injected with S1 protein plus Ribi adjuvant (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at week 6 (Wang et al., 2015)
- Immune Response: high titers of neutralizing antibody (Wang et al., 2015)
- Challenge Protocol: Animals were challenged with JordanN3 strain of MERS-CoV (Wang et al., 2015)
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Macaque Response
- Host Strain: Macaca mulatta (Wang et al., 2015)
- Vaccination Protocol: Six NHPs in the protein-only group were injected with 100 μg of MERS-CoV S1 protein and AlPO4 adjuvant at weeks 0 and 8. (Wang et al., 2015)
- Immune Response: Induced high level of neutralizing antibodies (IgG1). Sera from immunized NHPs blocked mAbs targeted to the RBD and non-RBD S1 subunit, but not the S2 subunit. (Wang et al., 2015)
- Challenge Protocol: Animals were administered 100 μg of MERS-CoV S1 protein and AlPO4 adjuvant at weeks 0 and 8, then challenged with Jordan N3 strain of MERS-CoV 19 weeks after imunization at 3.1 x 10^6, 3.6 x 10^6, and 3.4 x 10^6 p.f.u. (Wang et al., 2015)
- Efficacy: protected (Wang et al., 2015)
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Macaque Response
- Host Strain: Macaca mulatta (Wang et al., 2015)
- Vaccination Protocol: Six NHPs in the S DNA-S1 protein group were injected with 1 mg of plasmid DNA encoding MERS-CoV full-length Spike at weeks 0 and 4 and boosted with 100 μg of MERS-CoV S1 protein and AlPO4 adjuvant (Brenntag Biosector, Frederikssund, Denmark) at week 8 (Wang et al., 2015)
- Challenge Protocol: challenged with Jordan N3 strain of MERS-CoV 19 weeks after immunization at 3.1e6, 3.6e6, and 3.4 e6 p.f.u. (Wang et al., 2015)
- Efficacy: protected (Wang et al., 2015)
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Macaque Response
- Vaccination Protocol: Animals were vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) in the gastrocnemius muscle with 250 μg of MERS-CoV VLPs and mixed with 250 μg Alum adjuvant. (Wang et al., 2017)
- Immune Response: Induced neutralizing antibodies (titres up to 1:40), RBD-Specific IgG (endpoint titres up to 1:1,280), T-helper 1 cell (Th1)-mediated immunity, production of IFN-γ. (Wang et al., 2017)
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Macaque Response
- Vaccination Protocol: intramuscularly immunized with 2e7 FFU VSVΔG-MERS (preparation described below) in 2 ml medium via hind limb muscle injection or intranasally immunized with 2e7 FFU VSVΔG-MERS as via nostril instillation under anesthesia (Liu et al., 2018)
- Immune Response: recombinant virus induced high level of S protein specific IgG in both groups (Liu et al., 2018)
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| References |
References |
References |
References |
Wang et al., 2015: Wang L, Shi W, Joyce MG, Modjarrad K, Zhang Y, Leung K, Lees CR, Zhou T, Yassine HM, Kanekiyo M, Yang ZY, Chen X, Becker MM, Freeman M, Vogel L, Johnson JC, Olinger G, Todd JP, Bagci U, Solomon J, Mollura DJ, Hensley L, Jahrling P, Denison MR, Rao SS, Subbarao K, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Kong WP, Graham BS. Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV. Nature communications. 2015; 6; 7712. [PubMed: 26218507].
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Wang et al., 2015: Wang L, Shi W, Joyce MG, Modjarrad K, Zhang Y, Leung K, Lees CR, Zhou T, Yassine HM, Kanekiyo M, Yang ZY, Chen X, Becker MM, Freeman M, Vogel L, Johnson JC, Olinger G, Todd JP, Bagci U, Solomon J, Mollura DJ, Hensley L, Jahrling P, Denison MR, Rao SS, Subbarao K, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Kong WP, Graham BS. Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV. Nature communications. 2015; 6; 7712. [PubMed: 26218507].
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Wang et al., 2017: Wang C, Zheng X, Gai W, Zhao Y, Wang H, Wang H, Feng N, Chi H, Qiu B, Li N, Wang T, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X. MERS-CoV virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific humoural and cellular imminity in rhesus macaques. Oncotarget. 2017; 8(8); 12686-12694. [PubMed: 27050368].
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Liu et al., 2018: Liu R, Wang J, Shao Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Shuai L, Ge J, Wen Z, Bu Z. A recombinant VSV-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization. Antiviral research. 2018; 150; 30-38. [PubMed: 29246504].
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