• Vaccine Name: Leishmania donovani cen1 mutant vaccine
• Target Pathogen: Leishmania donovani
• Target Disease: Visceral leishmaniasis
• Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0003005
• Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
• Status: Research
• Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse, hamster
• cen1 gene engineering:
  • Type: Gene mutation
  • Description: This cen1 mutant is from Leishmania donovani (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Immunization Route: Intravenous injection (i.v.)

Hamster Response

• Persistence: A cen1 mutant is attenuated in hamsters (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
• Efficacy: A cen1 mutant induces significant protection in hamsters from challenge with wild type L. donovani (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).

Mouse Response

• Persistence: A cen1 mutant is attenuated in mice (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
• Efficacy: A cen1 mutant induces significant protection in mice from challenge with wild type L. donovani (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
• Host Ifng (Interferon gamma) response
  • Description: The results thus indicate an increased IFN-γ secretion coinciding with reduced IL-10 production among the immunized mice. In the restimulated CD4+ T cells from the spleen, the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio was significantly higher in the immunized mice both at the time of challenge (5 weeks after immunization) and after challenge (5 weeks after immunization plus 10 weeks after challenge) compared with either naive or naive-challenged controls. We also observed an absolute requirement for IFN-γ in LdCen1−/−-induced immunity. IFN-γ knockout mice immunized with LdCen1−/− for 5 wk followed by challenge were not protected (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Host Ighv1-9 response
  • Description: Sera from BALB/c mice taken 10 wk post challenge after 5, 12, or 16 immunization weeks were measured for Leishmania-specific IgG2a responses. Results indicated a significantly higher level of IgG2a populations in the immune-challenged groups compared with the naive challenged groups (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Host Il2 response
  • Description: The number of T cells producing IL-2 increased significantly as compared to naive mice 5 weeks after immunization in CD4+ and CD8+ cells as well as 5 weeks after immunization plus 10 weeks after challenge in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
• Host TNF-alpha response
  • Description: The number of T cells producing TNF-alpha increased significantly as compared to naive mice 5 weeks after immunization in CD8+ cells as well as 5 weeks after immunization plus 10 weeks after challenge in both CD4+ and CD8+ cells (Selvapandiyan et al., 2009).
  • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.