VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Virmugen: Virulent Genes for Vaccine Development

"Virmugen" is coined here to represent a gene that encodes for a virulent factor of a pathogen and has been proven feasible to make a live attenuated vaccine by knocking out this gene. Not all virulence factors can be used for vaccine development. Currently, VIOLIN includes 22 Virmugens that have been verified to be valuable for vaccine development against 109 pathogens. See detailed curated data:

Index	Pathogen Name	Disease	No. of Virmugens
1	Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae		5
2	Aeromonas salmonicida	Furunculosis, Bald sea urchin disease	0
3	Allergy		0
4	Babesia bovis		0
5	Babesia canis	Piroplasmosis	0
6	Bacillus anthracis	Anthrax	0
7	Bordetella avium	Bordetellosis	0
8	Bordetella pertussis	Whooping Cough	0
9	Borrelia burgdorferi	Lyme Disease	0
10	Bovine herpesvirus 1	Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis	1
11	Bovine Leukemia virus		0
12	Brucella spp.	Brucellosis	1
13	Burkholderia pseudomallei	Melioidosis	0
14	Campylobacter jejuni	Campylobacterosis	0
15	Cancer	Cancer	0
16	Canine coronavirus		0
17	Canine distemper virus	Canine distemper	0
18	Canine parvovirus	Canine parvovirus infection	0
19	Chlamydia muridarum		0
20	Chlamydophila abortus		0
21	Chlamydophila pneumoniae	Pneumonia	0
22	Chlamydophila psittaci	Respiratory psittacosis, avian chlamydiosis	0
23	Classical swine fever virus	Classical swine fever	0
24	Clostridium botulinum	Botulism	0
25	Clostridium tetani	Tetanus	0
26	Coccidioides spp.	Coccidioidomycosis (California disease, Desert rheumatism, San Joaquin valley fever, and Valley fev	0
27	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	Diphtheria	0
28	Coxiella burnetii	Q fever	0
29	Cryptosporidium parvum	Cryptosporidiosis	0
30	Dengue Virus	Dengue Fever	0
31	Ebola virus	Ebola hemorrhagic fever	0
32	Eimeria maxima	Coccidiosis	0
33	Eimeria spp.	Coccidiosis	0
34	Eimeria tenella	Hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis	0
35	Entamoeba histolytica		0
36	Escherichia coli	Hemorrhagic colitis	0
37	Feline leukemia virus	Feline leukemia virus infection	0
38	Francisella tularensis	Tularemia	2
39	Giardia duodenalis	Giardiasis (Beaver fever)	0
40	Haemophilus influenzae	Meningitis	0
41	Hantavirus	Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome	0
42	Helicobacter pylori		0
43	Hendra virus		0
44	Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A	0
45	Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B	1
46	Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2		0
47	Human Immunodeficiency Virus	Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	0
48	Human papillomavirus	HPV infection	0
49	Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis	0
50	Influenza virus	Influenza (flu)	2
51	Japanese encephalitis virus	Japanese encephalitis	0
52	Lassa Fever Virus	Lassa fever	0
53	Lawsonia intracellularis	Lawsonia intracellularis infection	0
54	Leishmania amazonensis	Leishmaniasis	0
55	Leishmania donovani	Visceral leishmaniasis	0
56	Leishmania infantum	Infantile visceral leishmaniasis	0
57	Leishmania major	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	0
58	Listeria monocytogenes	Listeriosis	0
59	Marburg Virus	Hemorrhagic fever	0
60	Marek’s disease virus	Marek's disease	0
61	Measles virus	Measles	0
62	Mumps virus	Mumps	0
63	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Tuberculosis	1
64	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Chronic respiratory disease	0
65	Mycoplasma synoviae	Respiratory tract disease and synovitis	0
66	Neisseria meningitidis	Meningitis	0
67	Neospora caninum	Neosporosis	0
68	Newcastle disease virus	Newcastle disease	0
69	Nipah virus		0
70	Plasmodium spp.	Malaria	0
71	Poliovirus	Polio	0
72	Porcine circovirus 2	Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome	0
73	Porphyromonas gulae	Canine periodontitis	0
74	Pseudomonas aeruginosa		0
75	Pseudorabies virus	Aujeszky's disease	1
76	Rabies virus	Rabies	0
77	Ricin toxin of Ricinus communis	Ricin poisoning	0
78	Rickettsia spp		0
79	Rift Valley Fever virus	Rift valley fever	0
80	Rotavirus	Gastroenteritis	0
81	Rubella virus	Rubella	0
82	Salmonella spp.	Salmonellosis	6
83	Sarcocystis neurona	Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis	0
84	SARS-CoV	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	0
85	Shigella	Shigellosis	2
86	Staphylococcus aureus		0
87	Streptococcus agalactiae	Group B streptococcus (GBS) infection	0
88	Streptococcus equi	Strangles (also equine distemper)	0
89	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Pneumonia	0
90	Streptococcus pyogenes	Group A streptococcal infections	0
91	Theileria annulata	Theileriosis	0
92	Theileria parva	East Coast Fever	0
93	Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV)	Tick-borne Encephalitis	0
94	Toxoplasma gondii	Toxoplasmosis	0
95	Treponema pallidum	Syphilis	0
96	Trypanosoma brucei	African trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)	0
97	Trypanosoma cruzi	Chagas disease	0
98	Varicella-zoster virus	chickenpox / shingles	0
99	Variola virus	Smallpox	0
100	VEE Virus	Venezuelan equine encephalitis	0
101	Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillarum)	Vibrosis	0
102	Vibrio cholerae	Cholera	0
103	West Nile virus	West Nile fever	0
104	Western equine encephalomyelitis virus	Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE)	0
105	Yellow fever virus	Yellow fever	0
106	Yersinia enterocolitica		0
107	Yersinia pestis	Plague	0
108	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis		0
109	Yersinia ruckeri	Enteric redmouth disease	0
Total	109		22

NOTE: This page is still under development.