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Vaccine Comparison

B. abortus and B. melitensis mutants with unmarked deletion of asp24, virB2, or manBA
Vaccine Information
  • Type: Aerosal Vaccine
  • Antigen: The vaccines tested in this study include B. abortus unmarked mutants BAΔasp24, BAΔvirB2, and BAΔmanBA, and B. melitensis unmarked mutants BMΔasp24, BMΔvirB2, and BMΔmanBA (Kahl-McDonagh et al., 2007).
  • asp24 gene engineering:
  • virB2 gene engineering:
  • manA gene engineering:
  • manB gene engineering:
  • Preparation: Each vaccine consisted of 5 × 10^7 CFU/ml in a chamber nebulizer, which is thousands of organisms per dose. The bacteria were introduced in Farrell's medium: TSA supplemented with 5 mg/liter nalidixic acid, 25,000 IU/liter bacitracin, 100 mg/liter cycloheximide, 5000 IU/liter polymyxin B sulfate, 20 mg/liter vancomycin, 100,000 IU/liter nystatin 10% (vol/vol) horse serum, and 2% (wt./vol.) dextrose (Kahl-McDonagh et al., 2007).
References
Kahl-McDonagh et al., 2007: Kahl-McDonagh MM, Arenas-Gamboa AM, Ficht TA. Aerosol infection of BALB/c mice with Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus and protective efficacy against aerosol challenge. Infection and immunity. 2007; 75(10); 4923-4932. [PubMed: 17664263].
B. melitensis DNA vaccine encoding Omp31 boosted with Omp31
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000436
  • Type: DNA vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Antigen: Omp31 protein
  • omp31 gene engineering:
    • Type: DNA vaccine construction
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Adjuvant:
    • VO ID: VO_0000142
    • Description: Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant
  • Vector: pCI-neo prime, recombinant protein boost (Cassataro et al., 2005)
  • Preparation: For the propagation of plasmids, Escherichia coli strain JM109 was used. For the expression of the recombinant protein, strain BL21(DE3) was employed. Bacterial strains were routinely grown, and rOmp31 was obtained and treated as described by (Estein et al., 2003). Purity was determined by Coomassie blue staining as described by (Cassataro et al., 2005). The plasmid pCIOmp31 was obtained as described in (Cassataro et al., 2005).
  • Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
  • Description: A regimen of DNA prime and protein boost is followed, increasing the efficacy of the vaccine compared to DNA or protein alone (Cassataro et al., 2007).
References
Cassataro et al., 2005: Cassataro J, Velikovsky CA, de la Barrera S, Estein SM, Bruno L, Bowden R, Pasquevich KA, Fossati CA, Giambartolomei GH. A DNA vaccine coding for the Brucella outer membrane protein 31 confers protection against B. melitensis and B. ovis infection by eliciting a specific cytotoxic response. Infection and immunity. 2005 Oct; 73(10); 6537-46. [PubMed: 16177328].
Cassataro et al., 2007: Cassataro J, Velikovsky CA, Bruno L, Estein SM, de la Barrera S, Bowden R, Fossati CA, Giambartolomei GH. Improved immunogenicity of a vaccination regimen combining a DNA vaccine encoding Brucella melitensis outer membrane protein 31 (Omp31) and recombinant Omp31 boosting. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI. 2007; 14(7); 869-874. [PubMed: 17428946].
Estein et al., 2003: Estein SM, Cassataro J, Vizcaino N, Zygmunt MS, Cloeckaert A, Bowden RA. The recombinant Omp31 from Brucella melitensis alone or associated with rough lipopolysaccharide induces protection against Brucella ovis infection in BALB/c mice. Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur. 2003 Feb; 5(2); 85-93. [PubMed: 12650766].
B. melitensis DNA vaccine p-Omp25
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004396
  • Type: DNA vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • Omp25 gene engineering:
    • Type: DNA vaccine construction
    • Description: Vector pCR3.1 expressed Omp25 (25 kDa Omp) (Commander et al., 2007).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Vector: pcDNA3.1 (Commander et al., 2007)
  • Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
References
Commander et al., 2007: Commander NJ, Spencer SA, Wren BW, MacMillan AP. The identification of two protective DNA vaccines from a panel of five plasmid constructs encoding Brucella melitensis 16M genes. Vaccine. 2007; 25(1); 43-54. [PubMed: 17049676].
B. melitensis WR201 (16MΔpurEK)
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000345
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Antigen: This vaccine is an live, attenuated purine-auxotrophic mutant strain of Brucella meletensis, WR201 (Hoover et al., 1999).
  • purK gene engineering:
    • Type: Recombinant protein preparation
    • Description: The B. melitensis strain WR201 (or called delta purE201) was created through the deletion of the gene purE and the deletion of the first seven bases of purK (Drazek et al., 1995; Hoover et al., 1999). Specifically, B. melitensis 16M was electroporated with suicide plasmids containing a kanamycin resistance cassette that replaced 226 bp at the carboxyl end of purE, the intergenic region, and 18 bases of the purK open reading frame. Recombinant B. melitensis delta purE201 required exogenous purines for growth on minimal media. This mutant failed to grow in human monocyte-derived macrophages, while the growth of wild-type 16M and the complemented strain, delta purE201 (pSD5), increased by nearly two logs (Drazek et al., 1995).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • purE gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This purE mutant is from Brucella melitensis (Crawford et al., 1996).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Preparation: The WR201 strain was procured and the bacterial cells were killed by treatment for 16 h with 0.5% phenol. These cells were then washed and pelleted several times, eventually leading to a product containing approximately 3.0 mg of protein per ml (Hoover et al., 1999).
  • Virulence: The antigens for this vaccine were severely attenuated. The strain WR201 fails to replicate in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages (Hoover et al., 1999).
References
Crawford et al., 1996: Crawford RM, Van De Verg L, Yuan L, Hadfield TL, Warren RL, Drazek ES, Houng HH, Hammack C, Sasala K, Polsinelli T, Thompson J, Hoover DL. Deletion of purE attenuates Brucella melitensis infection in mice. Infection and immunity. 1996; 64(6); 2188-2192. [PubMed: 8675325].
Drazek et al., 1995: Drazek ES, Houng HS, Crawford RM, Hadfield TL, Hoover DL, Warren RL. Deletion of purE attenuates Brucella melitensis 16M for growth in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Infection and immunity. 1995; 63(9); 3297-3301. [PubMed: 7642258].
Hoover et al., 1999: Hoover DL, Crawford RM, Van De Verg LL, Izadjoo MJ, Bhattacharjee AK, Paranavitana CM, Warren RL, Nikolich MP, Hadfield TL. Protection of mice against brucellosis by vaccination with Brucella melitensis WR201(16MDeltapurEK). Infection and immunity. 1999; 67(11); 5877-5884. [PubMed: 10531243].
Brucella abortus exsA mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0002812
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • exsA gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This exsA mutant is from Brucella abortus (Rosinha et al., 2002a).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
References
Rosinha et al., 2002a: Rosinha GM, Freitas DA, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V, Campos E, Cravero SL, Rossetti O, Splitter G, Oliveira SC. Identification and characterization of a Brucella abortus ATP-binding cassette transporter homolog to Rhizobium meliloti ExsA and its role in virulence and protection in mice. Infection and immunity. 2002; 70(9); 5036-5044. [PubMed: 12183550].
Brucella abortus pgk mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0002818
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • pgk gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This pgk mutant is from Brucella abortus strain 2308 (Trant et al., 2010).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
References
Trant et al., 2010: Trant CG, Lacerda TL, Carvalho NB, Azevedo V, Rosinha GM, Salcedo SP, Gorvel JP, Oliveira SC. The Brucella abortus phosphoglycerate kinase mutant is highly attenuated and induces protection superior to that of vaccine strain 19 in immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. Infection and immunity. 2010; 78(5); 2283-2291. [PubMed: 20194591].
Brucella abortus pgm mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0002819
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • pgm gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This pgm mutant is from Brucella abortus (Ugalde et al., 2003).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
References
Ugalde et al., 2003: Ugalde JE, Comerci DJ, Leguizamón MS, Ugalde RA. Evaluation of Brucella abortus phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant as a new live rough-phenotype vaccine. Infection and immunity. 2003; 71(11); 6264-6269. [PubMed: 14573645].
Brucella abortus S19 vjbR mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004283
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • vjbR gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: The vjbR was mutated in Brucella abortus strain 19 (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2009).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.)
References
Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2009: Arenas-Gamboa AM, Ficht TA, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Gomez G, Rice-Ficht AC. The Brucella abortus S19 DeltavjbR live vaccine candidate is safer than S19 and confers protection against wild-type challenge in BALB/c mice when delivered in a sustained-release vehicle. Infection and immunity. 2009; 77(2); 877-884. [PubMed: 19047401].
Brucella melitensis bp26 mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004000
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • bp26 gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This bp26 mutant is from Brucella melitensis (Cloeckaert et al., 2004).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection
References
Cloeckaert et al., 2004: Cloeckaert A, Jacques I, Grilló MJ, Marín CM, Grayon M, Blasco JM, Verger JM. Development and evaluation as vaccines in mice of Brucella melitensis Rev.1 single and double deletion mutants of the bp26 and omp31 genes coding for antigens of diagnostic significance in ovine brucellosis. Vaccine. 2004; 22(21-22); 2827-2835. [PubMed: 15246618].
Brucella melitensis mucR mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004277
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: mouse
  • mucR gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This gene is mutated in the B. melitensis 16M mucR mutant (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2011).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intramuscular injection (i.m.)
References
Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2011: Arenas-Gamboa AM, Rice-Ficht AC, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Ficht TA. The protective efficacy and safety of 16M{Delta}mucR against intraperitoneal and aerosol challenge in BALB/c mice. Infection and immunity. 2011; ; . [PubMed: 21708998].
Brucella melitensis omp25 mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004001
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • Omp25 gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This omp25 mutant is from Brucella melitensis (Edmonds et al., 2002).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: Intravenous injection (i.v.)
References
Edmonds et al., 2002: Edmonds MD, Cloeckaert A, Elzer PH. Brucella species lacking the major outer membrane protein Omp25 are attenuated in mice and protect against Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis. Veterinary microbiology. 2002; 88(3); 205-221. [PubMed: 12151196].
Brucella melitensis omp31 mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0004002
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Status: Research
  • Host Species as Laboratory Animal Model: Mouse
  • omp31 gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: This omp31 mutant is from Brucella melitensis (Cloeckaert et al., 2004).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Immunization Route: subcutaneous injection
References
Cloeckaert et al., 2004: Cloeckaert A, Jacques I, Grilló MJ, Marín CM, Grayon M, Blasco JM, Verger JM. Development and evaluation as vaccines in mice of Brucella melitensis Rev.1 single and double deletion mutants of the bp26 and omp31 genes coding for antigens of diagnostic significance in ovine brucellosis. Vaccine. 2004; 22(21-22); 2827-2835. [PubMed: 15246618].
Live attenuated B. abortus with deletion of znuA
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000386
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Antigen: The antigen for this vaccine is live, attenuated B. abortus strain 2308 with a znuA knockout mutation (Yang et al., 2006).
  • znuA gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: A suicide plasmid and a B. abortus mutant were constructed, then plasmids from transformants were isolated and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis after restriction digestion. B. abortus ΔznuA was electroporated with pBznuA to finalize the mutation (Yang et al., 2006).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Preparation: ΔznuA mutant, RB51strains were grown overnight in Brucella broth at 37°C. Cells were pelleted, washed twice in sterile phosphate-buffered saline, and diluted to 1 × 10^8 cells/200 μl in sterile PBS. The actual viable inoculum CFU was confirmed by serial dilution tests on Bacto Potato Infusion Agar. Each vaccine consisted of 0.2 ml of this suspension (Yang et al., 2006).
  • Virulence: The znuA-deleted mutant is very attenuated (Yang et al., 2006).
References
Yang et al., 2006: Yang X, Becker T, Walters N, Pascual DW. Deletion of znuA virulence factor attenuates Brucella abortus and confers protection against wild-type challenge. Infection and immunity. 2006; 74(7); 3874-3879. [PubMed: 16790759].
Microencapsulated B. melitensis vjbR mutant vaccine
Vaccine Information
  • Vaccine Ontology ID: VO_0000398
  • Type: Live, attenuated vaccine
  • Antigen: An attenuated mutant of Brucella meletensis called vjbR::Tn5 (BMEII1116) is the antigen used in this vaccine (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2008).
  • VjbR gene engineering:
    • Type: Gene mutation
    • Description: Live B. melitensis attenuated mutant vjbR::Tn5 was generated by mutation of the vjbR gene through interruption with a Tn5 (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2008).
    • Detailed Gene Information: Click Here.
  • Preparation: 6 x 10^6 CFU of the live B. melitensis mutant bjvR::Tn5 was suspended in 1ml of MOPS buffer (buffer containing MOPS and NaCl) and mixed with 5 ml of alginate solution. Spheres were obtained by extruding the suspension through a 200 micron nozzle into a 100 mM calcium chloride solution and stirred for 15 minutes. After extrusion of the bacteria-alginate mixture into the CaCl2, the capsules were washed twice with MOPS for 5 minutes and further crosslinked with 0.05% poly-L-lysine for 10 minutes. Following two successive washes, the beads were stirred for five minutes in a solution of 0.03% (w/v) alginate to apply a final outer shell and washed twice with MOPS (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2008).
  • Virulence: B. melitensis mutant bjvR::Tn5 is an attenuated live strain.
  • Storage: The vaccine was stored at 4°C (Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2008).
References
Arenas-Gamboa et al., 2008: Arenas-Gamboa AM, Ficht TA, Kahl-McDonagh MM, Rice-Ficht AC. Immunization with a Single Dose of a Microencapsulated Brucella melitensis Mutant Enhances Protection Against Wild-type Challenge. Infection and immunity. 2008; ; . [PubMed: 18362129].