VIOLIN: Vaccine Investigation and Online Information Network

Chicken Anemia Virus

Table of Contents

General Information
Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes
1. VP1 (Protective antigen)
2. VP2 (Protective antigen)
Vaccine Information
References

I. General Information

1. NCBI Taxonomy ID:

12618

2. Disease:

Chicken infectious anemia, Blue wing disease, Anemia dermatitis syndrome, Hemorrhagic aplastic anemi

3. Introduction

Chicken anemia virus (CAV), a 25 nm, nonenveloped, icosahedral virus with a single-stranded, circular DNA genome, is the only member of the genus Gyrovirus of the Circoviridae family. The genome codes for 3 viral proteins (VP). VP1 is the capsid protein, but VP2 may be needed as a scaffold protein to allow proper folding of VP1. VP3, or apoptin, is a nonstructural protein that induces apoptosis in infected cells. CAV infects only chickens, although antibodies have been detected in Japanese quail. The virus is present worldwide based on serology and virus isolation. The disease, chicken infectious anemia, has been described in most countries where chickens are raised commercially.
Horizontal transmission of CAV is by the fecal-oral route and perhaps by the respiratory route. Vertical transmission occurs when seronegative hens become infected and continues until neutralizing antibodies develop. Chicks hatched from these eggs are viremic, and CAV can rapidly spread horizontally from these chicks to susceptible, maternal antibody-negative hatchmates. Roosters shedding CAV in the semen are another source of vertical transmission. Vaccination of seronegative flocks prior to the onset of egg production is recommended to prevent vertical transmission (Merck Vet Manual: Chicken Anemia Virus Infection).

4. Microbial Pathogenesis

The principal sites of CAV replication are hemocytoblasts in the bone marrow, precursor T cells in the cortex of the thymus, and CD8 cells in the spleen. Replication in the first leads to anemia, while replication in the latter two causes immunosuppression. Neutralizing antibodies are detectable 21 days after infection and clinical, hematologic, and pathologic parameters return to normal ~35 days after infection. CAV infection has adverse effects on proliferative responses of spleen lymphocytes and on the production of interleukin-2 and interferons by splenocytes. Infection can cause a marked decrease in generation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells directed against other pathogens. In addition to T-cell defects, macrophage functions such as Fc-receptor expression, phagocytosis, and antimicrobial activity may be impaired. Subclinical, horizontally acquired infection with CAV in broiler progeny of seropositive parent flocks may be associated with impaired economic performance (Merck Vet Manual: Chicken Anemia Virus Infection).

5. Host Ranges and Animal Models

Chickens

II. Vaccine Related Pathogen Genes

1. VP1

Gene Name : VP1
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Chicken Anemia Virus
NCBI Protein GI : ABJ90436
Other Database IDs : CDD:282072
Taxonomy ID : 12618
Protein Name : VP1
Protein pI : 11.12
Protein Weight : 50262.7
Protein Length : 496
Protein Note : Gyrovirus capsid protein (VP1); pfam04162

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>ABJ90436.1 VP1 [Chicken anemia virus]
MARRARRPRGRFYAFRRGRWHHLKRLRRRYKFRHRRRQRYRRRAFRKAFHNPRPGTYSVRLPNPQSTMTI
RFQGVIFLTEGLILPKNSTAGGYADHMYGARVAKISVNLKEFLLASMNLTYVSKIGGPIAGELIADGSKS
QAAENWPNCWLPLDNNVPSATPSAWWRWALMMMQPTDSCRFFNHPKQMTLQDMGRMFGGWHLFRHIETRF
QLLATKNEGSFSPVASLLSQGEYLTRRDDVKYSSDHQNRWRKGEQPMTGGIAYATGKMRPDEQQYPAMPP
DPPIITSTTAQGTQVRCMNSTQAWWSWDTYMSFATLTALGAQWSFPPGQRSVSRRSFNHHKARGAGDPKG
QRWHTLVPLGTETITDSYMGAPASELDTNFFTLYVAQGTNKSQQYKFGTATYALKEPVMKSDSWAVVRVQ
SVWQLGNRQRPYPWDVNWANSTMYWGGQP

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Sawant et al., 2015)

2. VP2

Gene Name : VP2
Sequence Strain (Species/Organism) : Chicken Anemia Virus
NCBI Protein GI : AIU44252
Other Database IDs : CDD:251643
Taxonomy ID : 12618
Protein Name : VP2
Protein pI : 7.89
Protein Weight : 23530.11
Protein Length : 260
Protein Note : TT viral ORF2; pfam02957

Protein Sequence : Show Sequence

>AIU44252.1 VP2 [Chicken anemia virus]
MHGNGGQPAAGGSESALSREGQPGPSGAAQGQVISNERSPRRYSTRTINGVQATNKFTAVGNPSLQRDPD
WYRWNYNHSIAVWLRECSRSHAKICNCGQFRKHWFQECAGLEDRSTQASLEEAILRPLRVQGKRAKRKLD
YHYSQPTPNRKKVYKTVRWQDELADREADFTPSEEDGGTTSSDFDEDINFDIGGDSGIVDELLGRPFTTP
APVRIV

Molecule Role : Protective antigen
Molecule Role Annotation : (Sawant et al., 2015)

III. Vaccine Information

1. Chicken Anemia Virus Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10A1.00)

a. Manufacturer:

Biomune Company

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001660

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Chicken

2. Chicken Anemia Virus Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10A1.01)

a. Manufacturer:

Biomune Company

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001661

c. Type:

Live vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Chicken

3. Chicken Anemia Virus Modified Live Virus Vaccine (USDA: 10A1.10)

a. Manufacturer:

Intervet Inc.

b. Vaccine Ontology ID:

VO_0001662

c. Type:

Live, attenuated vaccine

d. Status:

Licensed

e. Location Licensed:

USA

f. Host Species for Licensed Use:

Chicken

IV. References

1. Merck Vet Manual: Chicken Anemia Virus Infection: Merck Vet Manual: Chicken Anemia Virus Infection [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/200200.htm]

2. Sawant et al., 2015: Sawant PM, Dhama K, Rawool DB, Wani MY, Tiwari R, Singh SD, Singh RK. Development of a DNA vaccine for chicken infectious anemia and its immunogenicity studies using high mobility group box 1 protein as a novel immunoadjuvant indicated induction of promising protective immune responses. Vaccine. 2015; 33(2); 333-340. [PubMed: 25448094].