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Vaxar: Vaccine Animal Responses

Laboratory animal models have been widely used for vaccine research and development. According to the Animal Efficacy Rule (also known as the “two animal rule”) instituted by the USA Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA), development and approval of human therapeutics (e.g., vaccines) requires demonstration of a "reasonably well-understood mechanism" and that at least two different animal species be used to demonstrate "response[s] predictive for humans."

Vaxar is a VIOLIN program that focuses on investigation of vaccine-induced animal responses. To use Vaxar, you can start to select pathogens and items you wish to compare below:

Index	Pathogen Name	1 Mouse	2 Human	3 Monkey	4 Guinea pig	5 Cattle	6 Chicken	7 Rabbit	8 Rat	9 Sheep	10 Horse	11 Goat	12 Hamster	13 Pig	14 Ducks	15 chinchillas	16 Ferret	17 Copper Pheasant	Total
1	Bacillus anthracis	9 (9)	1 (2)	1 (1)	2 (2)	-	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11 (16)
2	Brucella spp.	31 (54)	-	-	-	2 (4)	-	-	-	4 (4)	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	34 (66)
3	Burkholderia pseudomallei	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
4	Campylobacter jejuni	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	4 (6)
5	Chlamydophila psittaci	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
6	Clostridium botulinum	5 (5)	1 (1)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	8 (9)
7	Clostridium tetani	-	12 (12)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	12 (12)
8	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	-	11 (11)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11 (11)
9	Coxiella burnetii	3 (4)	2 (2)	2 (2)	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	6 (13)
10	Ebola virus	6 (6)	-	1 (1)	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 (10)
11	Escherichia coli	6 (7)	4 (4)	-	-	3 (3)	1 (1)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	15 (17)
12	Feline leukemia virus	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
13	Francisella tularensis	5 (5)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5 (6)
14	Haemophilus influenzae	6 (6)	11 (14)	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	19 (25)
15	Hantavirus	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
16	Hepatitis A virus	-	3 (5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (6)
17	Hepatitis B virus	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
18	Human Immunodeficiency Virus	5 (5)	-	6 (6)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9 (12)
19	Human papillomavirus	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
20	Influenza virus	-	8 (16)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	10 (18)
21	Japanese encephalitis virus	1 (1)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
22	Lassa Fever Virus	-	-	7 (7)	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9 (10)
23	Leishmania donovani	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
24	Marburg Virus	1 (1)	-	3 (3)	5 (5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9 (9)
25	Measles virus	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
26	Mumps virus	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
27	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	9 (17)	1 (1)	-	10 (10)	2 (2)	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	18 (31)
28	Neisseria meningitidis	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
29	Plasmodium spp.	1 (1)	5 (5)	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8 (8)
30	Poliovirus	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
31	Rabies virus	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
32	Rotavirus	-	2 (4)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (4)
33	Rubella virus	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
34	Salmonella spp.	2 (2)	4 (4)	-	-	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	8 (10)
35	SARS-CoV	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
36	Shigella	3 (3)	5 (5)	1 (1)	9 (9)	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	15 (19)
37	Streptococcus equi	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
38	Streptococcus pneumoniae	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
39	Theileria annulata	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
40	Trypanosoma brucei	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2 (2)
41	Varicella-zoster virus	-	3 (3)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3 (3)
42	Variola virus	10 (11)	6 (7)	4 (4)	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13 (23)
43	VEE Virus	6 (6)	-	1 (1)	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	2 (2)	-	-	-	-	-	7 (11)
44	Yellow fever virus	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (1)
45	Yersinia pestis	13 (13)	2 (2)	1 (1)	1 (1)	-	-	-	1 (1)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	13 (18)
Total	45	137 (171)	104 (121)	30 (30)	38 (38)	8 (10)	6 (6)	7 (7)	4 (4)	4 (4)	2 (2)	3 (3)	2 (2)	1 (1)	2 (2)	1 (1)	1 (1)	1 (1)	298 (411)
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