Rats vaccinated with PD (hpd) cleared NT H. influenzae better after middle ear and pulmonary bacterial challenge, and chinchillas vaccinated with PD showed significant protection against NT H. influenzae-dependent acute otitis media. In a clinical trial involving children, PD was used as an antigenically active carrier protein in an 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate investigational vaccine; significant protection was achieved against acute otitis media not only caused by pneumococci but also caused by NT H. influenzae (Forsgren et al., 2008). Protein D (PD) from NTHi is included as a carrier protein in the 10-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PHiD10-CV), and other promising protein vaccine candidates exist, including outer membrane protein 4 (P4) and protein 6 (P6). (Thornton et al., 2017)
References
Forsgren et al., 2008: Forsgren A, Riesbeck K, Janson H. Protein D of Haemophilus influenzae: a protective nontypeable H. influenzae antigen and a carrier for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2008; 46(5); 726-731. [PubMed: 18230042].
Thornton et al., 2017: Thornton RB, Kirkham LS, Corscadden KJ, Wiertsema SP, Fuery A, Jones BJ, Coates HL, Vijayasekaran S, Zhang G, Keil A, Richmond PC. Australian Aboriginal Children with Otitis Media Have Reduced Antibody Titers to Specific Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Antigens. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI. 2017; 24(4); . [PubMed: 28151410].
