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Virmugens

"Virmugen" is coined here to represent a gene that encodes for a virulent factor of a pathogen and has been proven feasible to make a live attenuated vaccine by knocking out this gene. Not all virulence factors can be used for vaccine development. Currently, VIOLIN includes 223 Virmugens that have been verified to be valuable for vaccine development against 57 pathogens. See detailed curated data:

Index	Pathogen Name	Disease	No. of Virmugens	No. of associated vaccines
G+ Bacteria
1	Bacillus anthracis	Anthrax	1	1
2	Listeria monocytogenes	Listeriosis	2	2
3	Mycobacterium avium		1	1
4	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Tuberculosis	14	12
5	Staphylococcus aureus	Staph infections	1	1
6	Streptococcus equi	Strangles (also equine distemper)	1	1
G- Bacteria
7	Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	porcine pleuropneumonia	8	6
8	Aeromonas hydrophila		1	1
9	Aeromonas salmonicida	Furunculosis, Bald sea urchin disease	1	1
10	Bordetella bronchiseptica	Infectious bronchitis, kennel cough	5	4
11	Bordetella pertussis	Whooping Cough	2	2
12	Borrelia burgdorferi	Lyme Disease	1	1
13	Brucella spp.	Brucellosis	15	12
14	Burkholderia pseudomallei	Melioidosis	4	4
15	Edwardsiella ictaluri	Enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC)	1	1
16	Edwardsiella tarda		4	4
17	Escherichia coli	Hemorrhagic colitis	4	3
18	Francisella tularensis	Tularemia	16	15
19	Mannheimia haemolytica	Bovine Respiratory Disease	1	1
20	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Chronic respiratory disease	1	1
21	Neisseria meningitidis	Meningitis	3	2
22	Pasteurella multocida	Pasteurellosis, fowl cholera	1	1
23	Salmonella spp.	Salmonellosis	46	34
24	Shigella	Shigellosis	8	11
25	Vibrio cholerae	Cholera	1	1
26	Yersinia enterocolitica		4	4
27	Yersinia pestis	Plague	8	6
28	Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	Yersiniosis	1	1
29	Yersinia ruckeri	Enteric redmouth disease	1	1
Viruses
30	African Swine Fever Virus	African Swine Fever	1	1
31	Bovine herpesvirus 1	Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis	2	2
32	Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus	Respiratory Disease	1	1
33	Classical swine fever virus	Classical swine fever	3	3
34	Equid herpesvirus	Equine Rhinopneumonitis	3	3
35	Feline herpesvirus 1	Feline viral rhinotracheitis	1	1
36	Feline immunodeficiency virus	Feline AIDS	2	2
37	Feline infectious peritonitis virus	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)	5	2
38	Gallid herpesvirus 1	Avian infectious laryngotracheitis, Fowl Laryngotracheitis	3	3
39	Hepatitis B virus	Hepatitis B	1	1
40	Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2	Herpes	6	6
41	Human metapneumovirus	Respiratory tract infection	2	2
42	Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus	Respiratory tract disease	1	1
43	Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus	Infectious hematopoietic necrosis	1	1
44	Influenza virus	Influenza (flu)	2	2
45	Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus	Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS), Blue-Ear Pig Disease	1	1
46	Pseudorabies virus	Aujeszky's disease	8	5
47	Rabies virus	Rabies	2	2
48	SARS-CoV	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)	1	1
49	Simian Immunodeficiency Virus	Simian AIDS	1	1
50	Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV)	Tick-borne Encephalitis	1	1
51	VEE Virus	Venezuelan equine encephalitis	2	1
52	West Nile virus	West Nile fever	1	1
53	Western equine encephalomyelitis virus	Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE)	3	4
Parasites
54	Leishmania donovani	Visceral leishmaniasis	1	1
55	Leishmania infantum	Infantile visceral leishmaniasis	1	1
56	Plasmodium spp.	Malaria	7	4
57	Toxoplasma gondii	Toxoplasmosis	3	3
Total	57		223	192